Optimization and reusability of photocatalytic g-CN/W-TiO/PVDF membranes for degradation of sulfamethazine.

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are prevalent emerging pollutants in the aquatic environment. The photocatalysis process has proven high efficiency in degrading PPCPs; however, the fate and repercussions of photocatalyst residuals are a major concern. To avoid that, we developed a composite from graphitic carbon nitride/tungsten doped with titanium dioxide (g-CN/W-TiO) and loaded it on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes by the phase-inversion method.