Dendritic cells type 1 control the formation, maintenance, and function of tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer.

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are organized immune cell aggregates that arise in chronic inflammatory conditions. In cancer, TLS are associated with better prognosis and enhanced response to immunotherapy, making these structures attractive therapeutic targets. However, the mechanisms regulating TLS formation and maintenance in cancer are incompletely understood.

Outcome of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection depends on genetic background in female mice.

Antigenically distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants increase the reinfection risk for vaccinated and previously exposed population due to antibody neutralization escape. COVID-19 severity depends on many variables, including host immune responses, which differ depending on genetic predisposition. To address this, we perform immune profiling of female mice with different genetic backgrounds -transgenic K18-hACE2 and wild-type 129S1- infected with the severe B.

Intranasal SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant vaccines elicit humoral and cellular mucosal immunity in female mice.

Background: In order to prevent the emergence and spread of future variants of concern of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), developing vaccines capable of stopping transmission is crucial. The SARS-CoV-2 vaccine NDV-HXP-S can be administered live intranasally (IN) and thus induce protective immunity in the upper respiratory tract. The vaccine is based on Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing a stabilised SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.

Obstructive sleep apnea: Beyond the dogma of obesity!

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has long been studied in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), due to the fact that both disorders are commonly associated with an increased body mass index (BMI). However, a link between OSA and non-obese diabetic patients is still not very elaborated, nor heavily explored. In this review, we elucidate some proposed mechanisms for the link between OSA and diabetic patients both with and beyond obesity, shedding the light on the latter case.

Genetic analysis challenges the presence of Ixodes inopinatus in Central Europe: development of a multiplex PCR to distinguish I. inopinatus from I. ricinus.

Background: Ixodes ricinus is an important vector of several pathogens, primarily in Europe. Recently, Ixodes inopinatus was described from Spain, Portugal, and North Africa and then reported from several European countries. In this study, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed to distinguish I.

Influenza breakthrough infection in vaccinated mice is characterized by non-pathological lung eosinophilia.

Eosinophils are important mediators of mucosal tissue homeostasis, anti-helminth responses, and allergy. Lung eosinophilia has previously been linked to aberrant Type 2-skewed T cell responses to respiratory viral infection and may also be a consequence of vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD), particularly in the case of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine. We previously reported a dose-dependent recruitment of eosinophils to the lungs of mice vaccinated with alum-adjuvanted trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) following a sublethal, vaccine-matched H1N1 (A/New Caledonia/20/1999; NC99) influenza challenge.

Structural and signaling proteins in the Z-disk and their role in cardiomyopathies.

The sarcomere is the smallest functional unit of muscle contraction. It is delineated by a protein-rich structure known as the Z-disk, alternating with M-bands. The Z-disk anchors the actin-rich thin filaments and plays a crucial role in maintaining the mechanical stability of the cardiac muscle.

Activation of Tumor-Cell STING Primes NK-Cell Therapy.

Activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway promotes antitumor immunity but STING agonists have yet to achieve clinical success. Increased understanding of the mechanism of action of STING agonists in human tumors is key to developing therapeutic combinations that activate effective innate antitumor immunity. Here, we report that malignant pleural mesothelioma cells robustly express STING and are responsive to STING agonist treatment ex vivo.

Prevalence of Colorectal Neoplasms Among Patients With Enterococcus faecalis Endocarditis in the GAMES Cohort (2008-2017).

Objective: To investigate the rate of colorectal neoplasms (CRNs) in patients who have Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis (EFIE) with available colonoscopies and to assess whether this is associated with the identification of a focus the infection.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from a prospective multicenter study involving 35 centers who are members of the Grupo de Apoyo para el Manejo de la Endocarditis en España [Support Group for the Management of Infective Endocarditis in Spain] cohort. A specific set of queries regarding information on colonoscopy and histopathology of colorectal diseases was sent to each participating center.

Dynamic single-cell RNA sequencing identifies immunotherapy persister cells following PD-1 blockade.

Resistance to oncogene-targeted therapies involves discrete drug-tolerant persister cells, originally discovered through in vitro assays. Whether a similar phenomenon limits efficacy of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade is poorly understood. Here, we performed dynamic single-cell RNA-Seq of murine organotypic tumor spheroids undergoing PD-1 blockade, identifying a discrete subpopulation of immunotherapy persister cells (IPCs) that resisted CD8+ T cell-mediated killing.

Somatic structural variation targets neurodevelopmental genes and identifies as a tumor suppressor in neuroblastoma.

Neuroblastoma is a malignancy of the developing sympathetic nervous system that accounts for 12% of childhood cancer deaths. Like many childhood cancers, neuroblastoma shows a relative paucity of somatic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions and deletions (indels) compared to adult cancers. Here, we assessed the contribution of somatic structural variation (SV) in neuroblastoma using a combination of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of tumor-normal pairs ( = 135) and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping of primary tumors ( = 914).

Clinical and prognostic differences between methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis.

Background: S. aureus (SA) infective endocarditis (IE) has a very high mortality, attributed to the age and comorbidities of patients, inadequate or delayed antibiotic treatment, and methicillin resistance, among other causes. The main study objective was to analyze epidemiological and clinical differences between IE by methicillin-resistant versus methicillin-susceptible SA (MRSA vs.

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality.

Methods: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.

Influence of MVC on Temporal and Spectral Features of Simulated Surface Electromyographic Signals.

The main aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) on the mean absolute value (MAV) and on the median frequency (MDF) of simulated surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals generated in a cylindrical, multilayer, volume conductor constituted by bone, muscle, fat, and skin layers and detected by the longitudinal single (LSD) and double (LDD) differential systems. The study was made for two values (5 and 10 mm) of the interelectrode distances (IED) and three values (20, 25, and 30 Hz) of the peak firing rate (PFR) of the first recruited motor unit (MU) in the case of narrow (30%) and broad (70%) recruitment ranges (RRs) of MU when the MVC level varied from 10% to 100% in steps of 10%. The results show that an increase of MVC level leads to an increase of MAV and a decrease of MDF of the simulated sEMG signals.

Conserved roles of Osiris genes in insect development, polymorphism and protection.

Much of the variation among insects is derived from the different ways that chitin has been moulded to form rigid structures, both internal and external. In this study, we identify a highly conserved expression pattern in an insect-only gene family, the Osiris genes, that is essential for development, but also plays a significant role in phenotypic plasticity and in immunity/toxicity responses. The majority of Osiris genes exist in a highly syntenic cluster, and the cluster itself appears to have arisen very early in the evolution of insects.

Infective endocarditis in patients with cancer: a consequence of invasive procedures or a harbinger of neoplasm?: A prospective, multicenter cohort.

The aim of the study was to draw a comparison between the characteristics of infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with cancer and those of IE in noncancer patients.Patients with IE, according to the modified Duke criteria, were prospectively included in the GAMES registry between January 2008 and February 2014 in 30 hospitals. Patients with active cancer were compared with noncancer patients.

Colorectal cancer screening: An updated review of the available options.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, colon cancer incidence and mortality is declining over the past decade owing to adoption of effective screening programs. Nevertheless, in some parts of the world, CRC incidence and mortality remain on the rise, likely due to factors including "westernized" diet, lifestyle, and lack of health-care infrastructure and resources.

Infective endocarditis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A multicenter, prospective, cohort study.

Infective endocarditis (IE) complicating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a poorly known entity. Although current guidelines do not recommend IE antibiotic prophylaxis (IEAP) in HCM, controversy remains.This study sought to describe the clinical course of a large series of IE HCM and to compare IE in HCM patients with IE patients with and without an indication for IEAP.

[A rare mode of revelation of Wegener's granulomatosis: myocarditis associated with a fibroblastic endocarditis].

We report, through this observation, a rare case of Wegener's disease revealed by myocarditis associated with fibroblastic endocarditis. The patient was initially admitted to hospital with global heart failure. The ECG showed atrial flutter rhythm disorder.

Cardiac consequence of misdiagnosed vascular complication of spinal lumbar surgery: 6 years of diagnosis delay.

Ilio-caval fistula is a rare complication of lumbar disk surgery that may pose a real diagnostic challenge. We report a case of a 50-year-old woman with overlooked massive right ilio-caval fistula complicating lumbar surgery 6 years previously, and who presented with refractory right heart failure misdiagnosed as chronic pericarditis. The combination of right heart failure and a periumbilical murmur should alert clinicians to investigate with the appropriate imaging tests to confirm the diagnosis.

Influence of early surgical treatment on the prognosis of left-sided infective endocarditis: a multicenter cohort study.

Objective: To analyze the influence of early valve operation on mortality in patients with left-sided infective endocarditis (IE).

Patients And Methods: A multicenter cohort study was carried out between 1990 and 2010. Data from consecutive patients with definite IE and possible left-sided IE were collected.

Neurological complications of infective endocarditis: risk factors, outcome, and impact of cardiac surgery: a multicenter observational study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of neurological complications in patients with infective endocarditis, the risk factors for their development, their influence on the clinical outcome, and the impact of cardiac surgery.

Methods And Results: This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on a multicenter cohort of 1345 consecutive episodes of left-sided infective endocarditis from 8 centers in Spain. Cox regression models were developed to analyze variables predictive of neurological complications and associated mortality.

[Isolated left ventricular congenital diverticulum in adult: Report of cardiac imaging].

Cardiac diverticulum is an infrequent congenital malformation, it's even more rare in adulthood. It's often associated with other thoraco-abdominal diverticulums, and rarely isolated. The diagnosis relies on echocardiography.