Glycemic variability and time in range among children with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump during the Covid-19 pandemic in Egypt; single center experience.

Background: Covid-19 has impacted the lives of individuals worldwide especially those with chronic illnesses. Children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) are at risk of glycemic deterioration during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, some studies reported glycemic improvement in these children during the pandemic.

The efficacy of insulin degludec and insulin glargine over NPH insulin among toddlers and preschoolers with type 1 diabetes using glycemic variability and time in range.

Unlabelled: Optimizing glycemic control without risking hypoglycemia is crucial in toddlers and preschoolers with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to avoid cognitive impairment later in life. Hence, this study aims to compare glycemic parameters among toddlers and preschoolers with T1D in relation to different basal insulins. Sixty toddlers and preschoolers with T1D with mean age of 3.

Changes in early optical coherence tomography angiography among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Relation to fibroblast growth factor 21.

Aims: Current diagnostic and treatment modalities target late stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) when retinopathy has already been established. Novel and more sensitive strategies are needed. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) permits non-invasive visualisation of retinal microcirculation.

Metabolism and memory: α-synuclein level in children with obesity and children with type 1 diabetes; relation to glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity and executive functions.

Background/objectives: Children with obesity and those with type 1diabetes (T1D) exhibit subtle neurocognitive deficits, the mechanism of which remains unknown. α-synuclein plays a fundamental role in neurodegeneration. Moreover, its role in glucose and lipids metabolism is emerging.

Leukocytic dysregulation in children with type 1 diabetes: relation to diabetic vascular complications.

Background: Growing evidences highlight the role of the innate immune response in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) vascular complications. Neutrophil lymphocytic ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocytic ratio (PLR) are inexpensive but novel markers of chronic inflammation might have prognostic value in children with T1D.

Aim: To study NLR and PLR levels in children with T1D in comparison to matched controls and correlate them with fraction-C of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and micro-vascular complications.

Psychosocial aspects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in children with type 1 diabetes in Egypt; a limited resources country perspective.

Background: Novel innovations continue to emerge in type-1 diabetes (T1D) management aiming to improve glycemic control. Assessing the psychosocial outcomes of different treatment modalities is specifically crucial among children with T1D and differs from one population to another.

Objectives: To compare the health related quality of life (HRQoL) and confidence in diabetes self-management (CIDS) among children with T1D on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) versus multiple daily injections (MDI) and to correlate them with the efficacy of glycemic control, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents(MINI-KID) depression module and socioeconomic-standard scale.

Nail fold microangiopathy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Relation to diabetic vascular complications.

Objectives: Microangiopathy is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. Nail fold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) is an easy non-invasive tool of microvasculature assessment. This study compares the NVC changes in adolescents with Type1 diabetes (T1D) to healthy controls and correlates them to diabetic vascular complications.

Pancreatic shear wave elastography in children with type 1 diabetes: relation to diabetes duration, glycemic indices, fasting C-peptide and diabetic complications.

Background: Little is known about changes in the pancreas as the course of type 1 diabetes progresses. Recently, shear wave elastography (SWE) emerged as a tool for assessing pancreatic stiffness in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer with a few studies assessing it in diabetes.

Objective: To compare pancreatic SWE in children with recent-onset and long-standing type 1 diabetes to healthy controls and to correlate it with diabetes duration, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), functional B cell reserve (fasting C-peptide) and diabetic complications.

Disordered eating behaviour in adolescents with type 1 diabetes on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; relation to body image, depression and glycemic control.

Background: Disordered eating behaviour (DEB) represents a significant morbidity among people with type-1 diabetes (T1D). Continuous-subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) improves glycemic control and psychological wellbeing in those with T1D. However, its relation to DEB remains obscure.

Abdominal lymphadenopathy in children with Gaucher disease: Relation to disease severity and glucosylsphingosine.

Few case reports and series reported abdominal lymphadenopathy (ALN) in people with Gaucher disease (GD). However, it's prevalence among Gaucher population, clinical implications and potential biomarkers are unknown. Hence this study aims to assess the prevalence of ALN among children with GD & to correlate it to neutrophil-lymphocytic-ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocytic-ratio (PLR) and glucosylsphingosine (Lyso-GL1).

Ganglion Cell Complex Thinning in Young Gaucher Patients: Relation to Prodromal Parkinsonian Markers.

Background: Patients with Gaucher disease (GD) have an increased risk for parkinsonism. Retinal thinning has been described in parkinsonism as an early nonmotor feature. Scarce reports have addressed retinal thickness changes in GD.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and nail fold capillaroscopy changes in children and adolescents with Gaucher disease; relation to residual disease severity.

Background: Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by functional defects of the acid β-glucocerebrosidase enzyme, with accumulation of glucosylceramide in the macrophage lineage lysosomes causing multisystem abnormalities. However, some GD manifestations can't be explained by Gaucher-cells infiltration. Recent studies emphasized the role of inflammation in GD.

Cognitive decline and depressive symptoms: early non-motor presentations of parkinsonism among Egyptian Gaucher patients.

Evidence about the link between glucocerebrosidase (GCase) and parkinsonism is growing. Parkinsonism was described in adult type 1 Gaucher disease (GD); few case reports described it in type 3GD. To assess the presence of parkinsonian features in a cohort of Egyptian GD patients and correlate these findings to their genotype, phenotype, severity scoring index (SSI), cognitive function, and the presence of depressive symptoms.

Regulatory T cells with CD62L or TNFR2 expression in young type 1 diabetic patients: relation to inflammation, glycemic control and micro-vascular complications.

Background: Alteration of regulatory T cells (Tregs) may contribute to ineffective suppression of proinflammatory cytokines in type 1 diabetes.

Aim: We determined the percentage of Tregs expressing CD62L or tumor necrosis factor receptor type 2 (TNFR2) in 70 young type 1 diabetic patients compared with 30 controls and assessed their relation to inflammation, glycemic control and micro-vascular complications.

Methods: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were assessed with flow cytometric analysis of Tregs, Tregs expressing CD62L or TNFR2.