Rapid identification of from a brain abscess patient using MALDI-TOF-MS.

() is most frequently associated with human infections, including chronic bronchitis, pulmonary disease and brain abscesses. In general, causes infections in immunocompromised individuals and has been reported in clinical samples worldwide. However, the isolation and speciation of in the routine diagnostic microbiology laboratory are complicated and time consuming.

Impact of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex lineages as a determinant of disease phenotypes from an immigrant rich moderate tuberculosis burden country.

Background: Growing evidences suggested that the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) lineages can determine the clinical outcome of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. However, limited data only available revealing such association of bacterial genotypes and clinical phenotypes from immigrant rich countries.

Methods: A multicenter study has been carried out on a collection of 2092 (1003 extrapulmonary and 1089 pulmonary) MTBC isolates.

Mycobacterium riyadhense infections.

Mycobacterium riyadhense is a newly described slowly growing, non-tuberculous mycobacterium species. We describe 2 new cases of Mycobacterium riyadhense infections presenting with extra-pulmonary involvement, and reviewed all previously reported cases in the literature. We also describe the spectrum of the disease and explore treatment options based on the experience with the current and previously reported cases.

Ten-year review of invasive Candida infections in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To review the epidemiology of invasive Candida infections in a single center in Saudi Arabia over a subsequent 10-year period.

Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in a single center in Saudi Arabia over a 10-year period. Records of all patients with invasive Candida infections (ICI) over the period from January 2003 to December 2012 were reviewed.

GeneXpert MTB/RIF Testing in the Management of Patients with Active Tuberculosis; A Real Life Experience from Saudi Arabia.

Background: GeneXpert MTB/RIF is a real-time PCR assay with established diagnostic performance in pulmonary and extra-pulmonary forms of tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay to the management of patients with any form of active tuberculosis in a single large tertiary center in Saudi Arabia, with a special focus on the impact on time to start of antituberculous therapy compared with Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) smears and mycobacterial cultures.

Materials And Methods: Clinical, radiological and laboratory records for all patients who were commenced on antituberculous therapy between March 2011 and February 2013 were retrospectively reviewed.

Persistence of Klebsiella pneumoniae clones with OXA-48 or NDM carbapenemases causing bacteraemias in a Riyadh hospital.

We characterized nine carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae collected over 9 months during 2011 in Riyadh; 8 from Hospital A and 1 from Hospital B. Variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) defined three strains at Hospital A, each with 2 or 3 representatives recovered from separate patients over periods of 6-24 weeks; 2 strains had OXA-48 and 1 had NDM. The single isolate from Hospital B also had OXA-48 but was distinct by VNTR from the Hospital A strains.

Prevalence of colistin and tigecycline resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from 2 hospitals in Riyadh Region over a 2-year period.

Objective: To describe the rates and patterns of colistin and tigecycline resistance among Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) isolates from clinical specimens from 2 major hospitals in Riyadh Region over a 2-year period.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of records of all clinical isolates of A.

Evaluation of direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in respiratory and non-respiratory clinical specimens using the Cepheid Gene Xpert® system.

Objective: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of Cepheid Gene Xpert®, MTB/RIF assay for direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and rifampin (RIF) resistance with conventional methods in respiratory and non-respiratory clinical specimens.

Methods: We used a cross sectional design to evaluate a diagnostic test at the TB Section of the Division of Microbiology, Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from October 2011 to January 2012. The detection of MTBC and RIF resistance using the Xpert® MTB/RIF assay was assessed in 239 (172 respiratory, and 67 non respiratory) specimens received from 234 patients suspected of TB, and compared with conventional smear microscopy and culture methods.

Community acquired Klebsiella pneumoniae, K1 serotype. Invasive liver abscess with bacteremia and endophthalmitis.

A community-acquired syndrome of cryptogenic invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) liver abscess (CIKPLA) has been emerging worldwide over the past 3 decades, particularly in Taiwan and Korea. It is caused by highly virulent hypermucoviscous, rmpA positive K.

Extended-spectrum and metallo-beta-lactamases among ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

We investigated the extended-spectrum (ESBLs) and metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Saudi Arabia. Disc susceptibility testing was performed on 200 P. aeruginosa isolates collected during 2010 at the Armed Forces Hospital in Riyadh, with MIC testing and phenotypic screening for ESBLs and MBLs carried out on those found to be ceftazidime resistant.

Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in a general intensive care unit in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria causing infections in patients at the intensive care units (ICUs) of Riyadh Military Hospital (RMH), as well as their antimicrobial resistance patterns for one year.

Methods: A retrospective, cohort investigation was performed. Laboratory records from January to December 2009 were studied for the prevalence of MDR Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance in ICU patients from RMH, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among Enterobacteriaceae isolated from blood culture in a tertiary care hospital.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase among Enterobacteriaceae isolated from blood culture in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: We carried out this study at the Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the period between January 2003-December 2004. We tested a total of 601 isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae from blood culture for the prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production by the standardized disc diffusion method and confirmed by the ESBL E test strips.

Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Objective: To determine the level of resistance to the widely used antipseudomonal antibiotics in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa).

Methods: The microbiology database of all clinical isolates of P.

Distribution of Candida species among bloodstream isolates.

Objective: To identify the distribution of Candida species causing bloodstream infections.

Methods: This study was conducted at the Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. All cases of candidemia from the period 1996 through to 2002 were retrospectively identified through the records from the Department of Clinical Microbiology.

Correlation between susceptibility and BRO type enzyme of Moraxella catarrhalis strains.

Clinical isolates of Moraxella catarrhalis (76 isolates) were screened for beta-lactamase production and antibiotic susceptibility. beta-Lactamases (detected in 90.8% of isolates) were typed using isoelectric focusing to BRO-1 (87%) and BRO-2 (13%).