Understanding metastatic involvement of the conus medullaris: a systematic review of clinical presentations, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, and patient outcomes.

Introduction: Metastasis to the conus medullaris (CM) is a rare but devastating condition. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, treatment options, and outcomes of patients with CM metastasis. By synthesizing the available evidence, this study seeks to improve our understanding of this condition and inform clinical practice.