Dapagliflozin's Role in Heart Failure: An Overview of Clinical Trial Evidence.

Heart failure (HF) has become a global health threat, necessitating the development of novel treatment options to address this crisis. Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, such as dapagliflozin, may offer significant advantages in the treatment of HF, particularly in patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This systematic review combines the findings from clinical studies to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of dapagliflozin in HF patients.

Age-Related Patterns of Symptoms and Risk Factors in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS): A Study Based on Cardiology Patients' Records at Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar.

Introduction Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a critical condition characterized by reduced blood flow to the heart and includes various conditions such as ST-elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, and unstable angina. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate age-related patterns of symptoms and risk factors in ACS patients and to evaluate how diagnostic test results differ among various age groups of ACS patients. Methodology This retrospective study was conducted from May to November of 2023 on patients with acute coronary syndrome admitted to the cardiology ward of Rehman Medical Institute (RMI), Peshawar.

Congenital Afibrinogenemia With Facial Haematoma.

Congenital afibrinogenemia is a rare inherited blood disorder characterized by a deficiency of fibrinogen, leading to abnormal blood clotting. It is caused by mutations in fibrinogen genes and results in a propensity for bleeding. We present the case of a one-year-old male child with congenital afibrinogenemia who developed a left-sided facial haematoma following a fall from a walker.

Association Between Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis and the Incidence of Thromboembolism Following Orthopedic Procedures: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant concern following orthopedic procedures, necessitating effective prophylactic measures. The rates of VTE prophylaxis, however, vary widely between institutions and nations, falling between 13% and 70% on average. In the absence of adequate thromboprophylaxis, pulmonary embolism, which accounts for 5% to 10% of mortality in hospitalized patients, is one of the leading causes of death.

Incidental Finding of Post-Transplant Erythrocytosis After Renal Transplantation in a Patient With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case Report.

Renal transplant aims to provide a healthy substitute for the chronically damaged kidney while also correcting the anemia of chronic disease by producing erythropoietin for effective erythropoiesis. However, in a small number of renal transplant patients, the hematocrit continues to rise even after correction of the anemia, ultimately leading to abnormally increased hemoglobin and hematocrit. This condition is termed "post-transplant erythrocytosis" (PTE).

A Case Report of Chilaiditi's Syndrome With Sigmoid Volvulus.

Chilaiditi's syndrome is the hepatodiaphragmatic interposition of the colon. It can be caused by any pathology of intestinal, hepatic, and diaphragmatic factors. Any anatomic variations or functional abnormalities can increase the development of Chilaiditi's syndrome.

Ciprofloxacin-Induced Acute Delirium in a Young Female.

Ciprofloxacin is a commonly used drug in our setup. Neurological disturbances are rare side effects of its use and are reported in older adults, patients with comorbidities, or patients with a background of psychiatric illness and antipsychotic drug use. We report the case of a 21-year-old female who developed delirium after taking ciprofloxacin for a urinary tract infection.

Thrombotic Sequela of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection.

Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known to be associated with thrombotic events like ischemic stroke. However, in the case of mild or asymptomatic disease, a thrombotic event like ischemic stroke is rare and has never been reported in our country. We present the case of a 28-year-old male patient with no co-morbidities who was diagnosed to have ischemic stroke involving the basilar artery.

Feto-Maternal Outcomes and Treatment Compliance in Metformin Versus Insulin-Treated Gestational Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients at the Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar.

Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. The diagnosis is made on the basis of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) which according to the guidelines of ACOG regards a blood glucose level higher than 190mg/dL after the one-hour test as the criteria for GDM. The first-line agent for GDM is insulin injections; however, it has high costs and also causes its own feto-maternal complications which can include weight gain and polyhydramnios.

Case Report on Crossed Fused Renal Ectopia With a Large Calculus and Its Management.

Among congenital renal anomalies, the ectopic kidney is a rare occurrence. Crossed fused renal ectopia (CFRE) - an even rarer subtype of ectopic kidney - is characterized by both kidneys being fused together on one side of the spine. CFRE is usually asymptomatic but can present with vague symptoms if the anomalous kidney becomes infected, is obstructed by calculus, or has a neoplastic change.

An Undiagnosed Case of Chronic Pancreatitis With Multiple Visceral Arteries Pseudoaneurysm.

Visceral artery aneurysms, which could be either true or pseudo, are abnormal focal dilations of vessels supplying the abdominal organs. True aneurysms, by definition, suggest dilation of the vessel in response to increased blood flow, ultimately causing a blood-filled sac to form. Pseudoaneurysm, however, is the pooling of blood in surrounding tissues secondary to trauma or rupture.