Correlation between whole salivary prostaglandin E and hemoglobin A1c levels among type-2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients with periodontal inflammation.

Background: It is hypothesized that whole salivary prostaglandin E (PgE) levels are higher in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (type-2 DM) than non-diabetic individuals with periodontal inflammation; and that whole salivary expression of PgE is correlated with hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels. The aim of the present study was to compare whole salivary PgE levels among patients with type-2 DM and non-diabetic individuals with periodontal inflammation.

Methods: Sociodemographic data, duration since the diagnosis and management of type-2 DM, most recent hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c level), and any familial history of DM was retrieved from patient's healthcare records.

The impact of Resolvin E1 on bone regeneration in critical-sized calvarial defects of rat model-A gene expression and micro-CT analysis.

Objective: To investigate, in vivo, the effect of local application of Resolvin E1 (RvE1) on the bone regeneration of critical-size defects (CSDs) in Wistar rats utilizing gene expression and micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis.

Background: The inflammation-resolving actions of RvE1 are well established. The molecular mechanism of its bone-regenerative actions has been of significant interest in recent years; however, there is limited information regarding the same.

Vitamin C influences antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and wound healing markers in smokers' gingival fibroblasts .

Background: Saudi Arabia has an overall smoking rate of 15.9%. The link between smoking and periodontal disease has been studied extensively.

Effects of metformin on human gingival fibroblasts: an in vitro study.

Objective: To investigate the effects of metformin (MF) treatment on the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and proinflammatory cytokines production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).

Methods: HGFs were obtained from subcultures of biopsies from clinically healthy gingival tissues of patients undergoing oral surgeries. Cell cytotoxicity assay was used to determine the effect of different concentrations of MF on viability of HGFs.

High molecular weight hyaluronic acid reduces the growth and biofilm formation of the oral pathogen .

Background: () is viewed as a keystone microorganism in the pathogenesis of periodontal and -implant diseases. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is believed to exert antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study is to assess the growth and biofilm formation of under HA and compare the effect of HA to that of azithromycin (AZM) and chlorhexidine (CHX).

Postoperative Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Effectiveness of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and NSAIDs as Adjuncts to Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy for the Management of Periodontitis.

Purpose: The authors hypothesize that ginger (Zingiber officinale) tablets and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective in reducing postoperative self-rated pain and periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], and probing depth [PD], clinical attachment loss [AL] and marginal bone loss) following non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in patients with periodontitis. The aim was to compare the postoperative analgesic and anti-inflammatory effectiveness of ginger tablets and NSAIDs as adjuncts to nonsurgical periodontal therapy for the management of periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Patients with periodontitis were included.

Effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on gingival fibroblasts: An in vitro study.

Objectives: Ginger, the powdered rhizome of the herb Zingiber officinale, is commonly used as a traditional medicine in many areas around the world. Anti-inflammatory actions of its extract have been previously reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ginger extract on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and interleukin (IL) expression from human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in vitro.

Non-surgical periodontal therapy with adjunct photodynamic therapy for the management of periodontal inflammation in adults using nicotine-free electronic-cigarette: A randomized control trial.

Objective: The aim was to assess the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) with adjunct photodynamic treatment (PDT) for the management of periodontal inflammation in young electronic cigarette (E-cig) users.

Methods: Patients with periodontal inflammation were included. Patient demographics and information related to E-Cig usage were recorded.

Xylitol content and acid production of chewing gums available in the markets of Saudi Arabia.

Unlabelled: To assess the actual xylitol content in sugar-free chewing gums available in a market of Saudi Arabia and investigate its effect on acid production and pH change .

Materials And Methods: A total of 29 different brands of xylitol-containing sugar-free chewing gums were collected from five major grocery stores in Saudi Arabia. Xylitol was extracted and its concentration was determined using the D-Sorbitol/Xylitol Enzymatic Kit (Megazyme; Bray, Wicklow, Ireland).

Resolvins as a Treatment Modality in Experimental Periodontitis: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies.

This systematic review aimed to assess scientific data of existing literature to identify the efficacy of resolvins (Rv) in the treatment of periodontitis. The electronic databases, Web of Science (WOS), Medline/PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Saudi digital library (SDL), were searched for eligible studies in the field of periodontics. A thorough analysis of the retrieved literature provided five articles that were assessed and included in this systematic review.

Antimicrobial capacity of photodynamic therapy on oral health-related quality of life and halitosis among elderly patients wearing removal dentures.

Purpose: The aim of the present clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of halitosis in elderly patients wearing dentures.

Methods: Elderly patients (>60 years age) wearing complete dentures and diagnosed with halitosis (HS levels >112 ppb) were divided into two groups: patients undergoing treatment with tongue scraper and full mouth disinfection (Group I) and patients undergoing treatment with tongue scraper, full mouth disinfection and single application of PDT (Group II). Oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) was assessed using a 14-point Likert scale used in oral health impact profile (OHIP).

Evaluation of quality of life among dental students using WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire in Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study.

Objective: The objective was to use modified version of WHOQOL-BREF to assess the well-being and QOL of dental students of King Saud University based on four major domains.

Methods: The questionnaire related to the survey was distributed to all dental students (N= 782) who were enrolled from 1st year to 5th year in College of Dentistry, King Saud University in the fall of 2018. The questionnaire comprised of four domains having different set of questions i.

Comparison of clinical peri-implant indices and crestal bone levels around narrow and regular diameter implants placed in diabetic and non-diabetic patients: A 3-year follow-up study.

Background: Studies evaluating and comparing clinical and radiographic peri-implant indices around narrow diameter implants (NDIs; <3.3 mm) and regular diameter implants (RDIs) in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-diabetic individuals are deficient.

Objective: To estimate and compare the clinical and radiographic indices around NDIs and RDIs placed in T2DM and non-diabetic patients.

Current trends in antibiotic prescription behavior among Saudi dentists performing implant surgery: A cross-sectional observational study.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate current trends in antibiotic prescription behavior among dentists performing implant surgery.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 133 dental specialists in Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire comprising of 21 questions related to basic demographic details (ie, sex, age, nationality, undergraduate training, type of specialty, clinical, and implant practice experience) made up the first part of the questionnaire.

Clinical indices and local levels of inflammatory biomarkers in per-implant health of obese and nonobese individuals.

Background: Obesity seem to regulate peri-implant health. It is proposed that peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 are higher in obese as compared to nonobese individuals.

Objective: The purpose of the present clinico-laboratory study is to estimate and compare the clinical and radiographic indices and PICF levels of IL-1β and IL-6 among obese and nonobese patients.

Clinical and radiographic peri-implant variables around short dental implants in type 2 diabetic, prediabetic, and non-diabetic patients.

Background: Clinical and radiographic status around short dental implants in patients with different glycemic levels remains unexplored.

Purpose: To determine the clinical and radiographic bone level (RBL) around short dental implants in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), prediabetic, and non-diabetic patients.

Materials And Methods: Participants were grouped into three groups based on HbA1c levels: T2DM (Group-1); prediabetic patients (Group-2); and non-diabetic subjects (Group-3).

Low-intensity laser for harvesting palatal graft for the treatment of gingival recession: A systematic review.

The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) for harvesting palatal connective tissue graft (PCTG) in the treatment of gingival recession. Databases were searched up to May 2018. The addressed focused question was: Is adjunctive LILT effective in the healing of donor palatine area after harvesting PCTG? Screening of the initially identified studies resulted in four clinical studies.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of antibiotic use and misuse among adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of antibiotics (ABs) use and misuse among adults living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to participants from  March 2016 to January 2017 in the outpatient department of King Khalid University Hospital and Dental Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was divided into 4 sections.

The Effects of Plantago major on the Activation of the Neutrophil Respiratory Burst.

Plantago major is a common plant that grows worldwide in temperate zones and is found in fields, lawns, and on the roadsides. Its leaves and seeds have been used in almost all parts of the world for centuries as a wound healer, analgesic, antioxidant, and antibiotic, as well as an immune system modulator, antiviral, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory agent. Baicalein and aucubin are the two most biologically active components of P.

Effects of Calendula officinalis on human gingival fibroblasts.

Background: Calendula officinalis is commonly called the marigold. It is a staple topical remedy in homeopathic medicine. It is rich in quercetin, carotenoids, lutein, lycopene, rutin, ubiquinone, xanthophylls, and other anti-oxidants.

Effects of cigarette smoke condensate on oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

Objective: Epidemiological studies have reported that tobacco use is a major etiological factor for oral cancer. Several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been shown to play important roles in the invasion and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinomas, especially MMP-2 and MMP-9. This study examined the effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on oral cancer cells.

Responses of human neutrophils to nicotine and/or Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Background: Tobacco smoking is considered a major modifiable risk factor for periodontal disease. Nicotine is the addictive ingredient in tobacco and has been shown to affect multiple cellular processes. Neutrophils are the first line of host defense and are critical cells in the maintenance of periodontal health through their role in the control of bacteria, but they can also contribute to the progression of periodontal disease by the production and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Effects of provisional acrylic resins on gingival fibroblast cytokine/growth factor expression.

Statement Of Problem: Several studies have reported that polymerized resin materials may release agents into surrounding tissues. These agents could alter cytokine/growth factor expression.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects that provisional acrylic resins have on cell toxicity and the expression of cytokines/growth factors from human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).

Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis on human gingival fibroblasts from healthy and inflamed tissues.

Background And Objective: This study compared the ability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) isolated from healthy and inflamed gingival tissues to degrade collagen in the presence and absence of Porphyromonas gingivalis supernatant.

Material And Methods: Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured from explants of 21 healthy and 21 inflamed periodontal tissues. The HGFs that grew out of the explants were seeded in the center of six-well plates coated with collagen in the presence and absence of 10% P.