Tubulin-Based Microtentacles Aid in Heterotypic Clustering of Neutrophil-Differentiated HL-60 Cells and Breast Tumor Cells.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) travel through the vasculature to seed secondary sites and serve as direct precursors of metastatic outgrowth for many solid tumors. Heterotypic cell clusters form between CTCs and white blood cells (WBCs) and recent studies report that a majority of these WBCs are neutrophils in patient and mouse models. The lab discovered that CTCs produce tubulin-based protrusions, microtentacles (McTNs), which promote reattachment, retention in distant sites during metastasis and formation of tumor cell clusters.

Microgravity Effects on Glioma Cells: A Comprehensive Review.

High-grade gliomas (HGGs) represent a formidable challenge in neuro-oncology due to their aggressive nature and resistance to current therapeutic interventions, which include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and emerging immunotherapies. Despite these efforts, the prognosis for patients remains poor, emphasizing the urgent need for novel treatment strategies. One promising avenue of exploration is microgravity, a condition experienced during spaceflight and simulated in laboratories on Earth, which induces significant physiological changes in cells and tissues.

IFNλ signaling in neutrophils enhances the pathogenesis of Bordetella pertussis infection.

Interferon lambda (IFN-λ) plays diverse roles in bacterial infections. Previously we showed that IFN-λ is induced in the lungs of B. pertussis-infected adult mice and exacerbates inflammation.

The role of MRgFUS in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders: a state of the art.

Introduction: Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a contemporary non-invasive ablative procedure that utilizes high- or low-intensity ultrasound, guided and monitored by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). While MRgFUS has been established as an effective treatment for conditions like essential tremor and tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease, it has recently emerged as a safe and promising ablative minimally invasive procedure for the management of treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders. Indeed, despite the availability of various pharmacological and behavioral therapies, a subset of psychiatric patients remains refractory to conventional treatments.

PD-L1 expression in keratinocyte and infiltration of CD4 + T lymphocyte can predict a severe type of erythema multiforme major induced by the anti-PD-1 antibody, pembrolizumab.

Unlabelled: Skin toxicity is the most common adverse event of treatment with immune check point inhibitors. Among them, erythema multiforme is a rare occurrence with a frequency of 4%, with most of the cases developing grade 1/2 disease. We experienced high grade erythema multiforme major developing with pembrolizumab treatment for anal canal cancer with extensive skin metastases.

GAPi: A description of the initiative for early psychosis intervention in Latin America and the short- to medium-term outcomes in early psychosis patients.

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a debilitating disorder that affects a significant proportion of the population and leads to impaired functionality and long-term challenges. The first episode of psychosis (FEP) is a critical intervention stage for improving long-term outcomes. The GAPi program was established in São Paulo, Brazil to provide early intervention services and evaluate biomarkers in individuals with FEP.

Enhanced Recovery after Cranial Surgery in Elderly: A Review.

Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a multidisciplinary approach aimed at reducing the length of hospital stay, improving patient outcomes, and reducing the overall cost of care. Although ERAS protocols have been widely adopted in various surgical fields, their application in cranial surgery remains relatively limited.

Methods: Considering that the aging of the population presents significant challenges to healthcare systems, and there is currently no ERAS protocol available for geriatric patients over the age of 65 requiring cranial surgery, this article proposes a new ERAS protocol for this population by analyzing successful ERAS protocols and optimal perioperative care for geriatric patients described in the literature.

Analysis of veering during gait in blind individuals.

Background: Veering occurs during blind walking, which causes individuals to deviate from crosswalks or fall off platforms. Despite being linked to static postural control, the relationship between veering and gait function (gait variability and plantar pressure), which is presumed to be related to dynamic postural control, has yet to be fully understood.

Research Question: How do gait variability and plantar pressure affect veering?

Methods: This experiment involved a walking task in which 11 blind adults were instructed to walk along a straight path using a white cane.

Validation of a Novel, Rapid Sepsis Diagnostic for Emergency Department Use.

Objectives: To assess the in vitro IntelliSep test, a microfluidic assay that quantifies the state of immune activation by evaluating the biophysical properties of leukocytes, as a rapid diagnostic for sepsis.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Five emergency departments (EDs) in Louisiana, Missouri, North Carolina, and Washington.

The emerging role for neutrophil mitochondrial metabolism in lung inflammation.

Recent advances shed light on the importance of mitochondrial metabolism in supporting essential neutrophil functions such as trafficking, NETosis, bacterial killing, and modulating inflammatory responses. Mitochondrial metabolism is now recognized to contribute to a number of lung diseases marked by neutrophilic inflammation, including bacterial pneumonia, acute lung injury, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this mini review, we provide an overview of neutrophil metabolism focusing on the role of mitochondrial programs, discuss select neutrophil effector functions that are directly influenced by mitochondrial metabolism, and present what is known about the role for mitochondrial metabolism in lung diseases marked by neutrophilic inflammation.

The Role of Augmented Reality Neuronavigation in Transsphenoidal Surgery: A Systematic Review.

In the field of minimally invasive neurosurgery, microscopic transsphenoidal surgery (MTS) and endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS) have been widely accepted as a safe approach for pituitary lesions and, more recently, their indications have been extended to lesions at various skull base regions. It is mandatory during transsphenoidal surgery (TS) to identify key anatomical landmarks in the sphenoid sinus and distinguish them from the lesion. Over the years, many intraoperative tools have been introduced to improve the neuronavigation systems aiming to achieve safer and more accurate neurosurgical interventions.

Invasive Preoperative Investigations in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Comprehensive Review.

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a neurological disorder characterized by the triad of gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence. The condition is diagnosed mainly in older adults and is associated with ventricular enlargement without an increase in cerebrospinal fluid pressure. The clinical assessment involves a detailed medical history, physical examination, and cognitive testing.

Eosinophil-derived galectin-10 upregulates matrix metalloproteinase expression in bullous pemphigoid blisters.

Background: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune bullous disease in which abundant eosinophils accumulate in the blisters. Galectin-10 abounds in the cytoplasm of eosinophils and is released as a result of eosinophil extracellular trap cell death (EETosis).

Objective: To identify EETosis and the pathological roles of galectin-10 in BP.

Comparative Study of Internal Device versus External Device in Le Fort III Distraction for Syndromic Craniosynostosis.

Background: Le Fort III distraction for syndromic craniosynostosis is performed using internal or external devices. The authors compared the results of both devices.

Methods: The authors retrospectively evaluated 60 patients with syndromic craniosynostosis treated with Le Fort III distraction (internal or external device) between 2001 and 2021.

MR-guided focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening for brain metastasis: a review.

Although the therapeutic armamentarium for brain metastases (BMs) has been expanded from innovative surgical techniques and radiotherapy to include targeted therapies and immunotherapy, the prognosis of BMs remains poor. Despite the proven efficacy of numerous compounds in preclinical studies, the limited penetration of promising therapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains an unaddressed issue. Recently, low-intensity magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) in combination with microbubbles has been shown to overcome vascular and cellular transport barriers in the brain and tumor microenvironment, resulting in increased drug diffusion and preliminary effective results.

Monkeypox: a dermatologist perspective.

Monkeypox (MPX) is a human zoonotic disease due to Monkeypox virus. Morbidity and mortality are lower than in other Orthopox virus diseases, in particular smallpox. MPX is an endemic disease of Western and Central Africa.

Alopecia Areata after COVID-19 Vaccines.

Introduction: Alopecia areata (AA) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by non-scarring hair loss. New onsets of AA have been associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Various skin diseases have already been reported because of the vaccines (the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine, the AstraZeneca vaccine) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Injections Site Reactions and Biologics for Psoriasis: A Questionnaire Based Real Life Study.

Background: Biologic selection for psoriasis treatment should take into account numerous factors including injection site reactions (ISRs) such as swelling at the injection site, pain, burning, erythema, all possibly reducing patient adherence.

Methods: A 6-months observational real life study was performed involving psoriasis patients. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years, moderate-to-severe psoriasis diagnosis since at least 1 year, patients being on biologic treatment for psoriasis ≥ 6 months.