Baseline-dependent clock offsets in VLBI data analysis.

The primary goal of the geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) technique is to provide highly accurate terrestrial and celestial reference frames as well as Earth orientation parameters. In compliance with the concept of VLBI, additional parameters reflecting relative offsets and variations of the atomic clocks of the radio telescopes have to be estimated. In addition, reality shows that in many cases significant offsets appear in the observed group delays for individual baselines which have to be compensated for by estimating so-called baseline-dependent clock offsets (BCOs).

Optimal VLBI baseline geometry for UT1-UTC Intensive observations.

One of the main tasks of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) is the rapid determination of the highly variable Earth's rotation expressed through the difference between Universal Time UT1 and Coordinated Universal Time UTC (dUT1). For this reason, dedicated one hour, single baseline sessions, called , are observed on a daily basis. Thus far, the optimal geometry of sessions was understood to include a long east-west extension of the baseline to ensure a dUT1 estimation with highest accuracy.

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Right Ventricular (RV) Performance over Time in COVID-19-Associated ARDS-A Prospective Observational Study.

(1) Background: To evaluate time-dependent right ventricular (RV) performance in patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) undergoing intensive care (ICU) treatment. (2) Methods: This prospective observational study included 21 ICU patients with COVID-19-associated ARDS in a university hospital in 2020 (first wave). Patients were evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography at an early (EE) and late (LE) stage of disease.

Optimal antenna locations of the VLBI Global Observing System for the estimation of Earth orientation parameters.

To support monitoring subtle effects in the Earth system such as a mean sea level rise of 3 mm/year, a next-generation VLBI system, the VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS), has been developed and a new VGOS station network is being built. However, the geometry of the current VGOS network and its planned extension suffer from a lack of stations in the southern hemisphere. In this investigation, we identify optimal locations for additional VGOS radio telescopes with a new method based on bulk observing schedule generation and subsequent large-scale Monte-Carlo simulations.

Terrestrial Laser Scanner Two-Face Measurements for Analyzing the Elevation-Dependent Deformation of the Onsala Space Observatory 20-m Radio Telescope's Main Reflector in a Bundle Adjustment.

For accurate astronomic and geodetic observations based on radio telescopes, the elevation-dependent deformation of the radio telescopes' main reflectors should be known. Terrestrial laser scanning has been used for determining the corresponding changes of focal lengths and areal reflector deformations at several occasions before. New in this publication is the situation in which we minimize systematic measurement errors by an improved measurement and data-processing concept: Sampling the main reflector in both faces of the laser scanner and calibrating the laser scanner in situ in a bundle adjustment.

Initial Results Obtained with the First TWIN VLBI Radio Telescope at the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell.

Geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) uses radio telescopes as sensor networks to determine Earth orientation parameters and baseline vectors between the telescopes. The TWIN Telescope Wettzell 1 (TTW1), the first of the new 13.2 m diameter telescope pair at the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell, Germany, is currently in its commissioning phase.

Mutation analysis and mRNA expression of trail-receptors in human breast cancer.

The chromosome region 8p12-p22 shows frequent allelic loss in a variety of human malignancies, including breast cancer (BC). The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-receptors TRAIL-R1, -R2, -R3 and -R4 are located on 8p21-p22 and might be candidate tumor suppressor genes in this region. To evaluate the involvement of TRAIL receptors in breast carcinogenesis, we have analyzed the entire coding region of TRAIL-R2 and the death domain (DD) regions of TRAIL-R1 and -R4 for the detection of somatic mutations in a series of breast tumors, lymph node metastases and BC cell lines.

Detailed deletion mapping in sporadic breast cancer at chromosomal region 17p13 distal to the TP53 gene: association with clinicopathological parameters.

Chromosome 17p is among the most frequently deleted regions in a variety of human malignancies including breast cancer. This study has further refined the localization of a putative tumour suppressor gene (TSG) at 17p13 distal to the TP53 gene in breast carcinomas. It was found that 73% (37 of 51) of the breast tumours exhibited loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at one or more loci at 17p13.

Refined deletion mapping in sporadic breast cancer at chromosomal region 8p12-p21 and association with clinicopathological parameters.

We have further refined the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) pattern on the human chromosomal region 8p12-p21 using 15 well characterised microsatellite markers in a panel of 50 breast carcinomas. The allelic loss pattern of these tumours suggests the presence of five commonly deleted regions on 8p12-p21. The most commonly deleted region was located between markers D8S1734 and D81989, spanning a distance of approximately 3 cM and reaching 56% LOH at locus NEFL.

Iris varix simulating an iris melanoma.

Iris varix is rare and little is known about its clinical characteristics. We treated a thrombosed iris varix that simulated an iris melanoma. A 53-year-old man developed a dark brown iris mass and hyphema in his left eye.

Strong indication for a breast cancer susceptibility gene on chromosome 8p12-p22: linkage analysis in German breast cancer families.

Chromosomal losses involving the short arm of chromosome 8 are frequent in a variety of tumor types, including breast cancer, suggesting the presence of one or more tumor suppressor genes in this region. Previous linkage analysis and studies of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) have suggested the presence of a putative third breast cancer susceptibility gene around D8S505 at 8p12-p22. We have performed linkage analysis in two German breast cancer families, showing negative lod scores with 17q and 13q markers, using seven adjacent microsatellite markers from 8p12-p22.

Deletion mapping and linkage analysis provide strong indication for the involvement of the human chromosome region 8p12-p22 in breast carcinogenesis.

We have identified a high frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on the human chromosome region 8p12-p22 in a panel of microdissected familial (86% LOH) and sporadic (74% LOH) breast tumours. The two most frequently deleted regions were defined around marker D8S133 and in a broader centromeric region bounded by markers D8S137 and D8S339. We cannot unequivocally characterize the 8p12-p22 loss as an early or a late event in breast carcinogenesis.

BRCA1 mutations and phenotype.

More than 100 mutations have been described for the breast-cancer-susceptibility gene BRCA1. The paper describes phenotypical aspects of three selected mutations located at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of the gene. A remarkable decrease of the age of diagnosis of the mammary carcinoma is observed with increasing length of the putative gene product, combined with greater severity of the disease.

BRCA1 mutations in German breast-cancer families.

We analyzed germline mutations of the BRCA1 gene in 20 German breast/ovarian-cancer families. BRCA1 mutations co-segregating with breast-cancer susceptibility were identified in 3 of these families. All mutations were found to generate a premature stop codon leading to the synthesis of truncated BRCA1 proteins of different length.

X-ray scattering evidence that calf thymus DNA in solution is a double helix and not a warped zipper.

Isotropic X-ray scattering experiments with calf thymus DNA in solution under B-form conditions were used to differentiate between the double helical and the side by side structure models. By comparison of experimental and theoretical scattering curves calculated from the atomic coordinates of the molecule models, two sterically refined SBS models can be excluded for calf thymus DNA. The structural basis of the differences between the experimental scattering curves and the theoretical curves for the double helix on the one hand and for the two SBS models on the other, is interpreted using high resolution electron distance distribution functions of the models.

Serratia rubidae endophthalmitis following penetrating ocular injury.

A 10-year-old boy incurred penetrating trauma to his left eye by a small piece of wood. Immediate lens aspiration and repair of his corneal laceration were performed. The patient, however, demonstrated "persistent severe uveitis.