Publications by authors named "Notari S"

The impact of anti-Spike monoclonal antibody (mAbs) treatment on the immune response of COVID19-patients is poorly explored. In particular, a comparison of the immunological influence of different therapeutic regimens has not yet been performed. Aim of the study was to compare the kinetic of innate and adaptive immune response as well as the SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral and T cell response in two groups of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients treated with two different mAbs regimens: Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab (BAM/ETE) or Casirivimab/Imdevimab (CAS/IMD).

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The first evidence that Orthopoxvirus induced the expansion and the recall of effector innate Vδ2T-cells was described in a macaque model. Although, an engagement of αβ T-cells specific response in patients infected with human monkeypox (Mpox) was demonstrated, little is known about the role of γδ T-cells during Mpox infection. IFN-γ-producing γδ T-cells in the resistance to poxviruses may a key role in inducing a protective type 1 memory immunity.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study focused on the effectiveness of tixagevimab/cilgavimab (T/C) as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in immunocompromised individuals, categorizing them into groups based on their COVID-19 history.
  • A total of 231 participants were included, with a significant portion having hematological diseases and receiving multiple vaccine doses; breakthrough infections (BTIs) occurred in 56 participants (24%) but were mostly mild to moderate.
  • Immune markers were measured over time, showing an initial increase in anti-RBD IgG antibodies at 3 months, a decline at 6 months, and low neutralizing antibodies, reinforcing T/C's clinical efficacy in reducing severe COVID-19
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Oxidized albumin is considered a short-term biomarker of oxidative stress and its measurement in blood contributes to evaluate the impact of diseases, drugs, dialytic treatments, physical activity, environmental contaminants etc. on the red-ox balance of humans as well as of other mammalians. Nevertheless, the most common methods for quantifying the oxidized and reduced albumins are costly and time-consuming.

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  • This study looked at how well people with HIV responded to a COVID-19 booster shot, focusing on their fight against different virus versions (XBB sublineages).
  • It found that some people didn't have a strong response 15 days after the shot, and that the protection got weaker over time, especially over 6 months.
  • The researchers suggested that to better protect people with HIV in the future, a new vaccine specifically for a virus version called XBB.1.5 should be used.
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Background: Pre-exposure vaccination with MVA-BN has been widely used against mpox to contain the 2022 outbreak. Many countries have defined prioritized strategies, administering a single dose to those historically vaccinated for smallpox, to achieve quickly adequate coverage in front of low supplies. Using epidemiological models, real-life effectiveness was estimated at approximately 36%-86%, but no clinical trials were performed.

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  • * The most effective method was heating at 70 °C, which decreased MPXV titer significantly, while Triton X-100 was the least effective.
  • * While UV-C and heat effectively reduced MPXV infectiousness, they negatively affected the detection of MPXV DNA and proteins, highlighting a trade-off in sample handling procedures.
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Background: During HIV infection, effective combined antiretroviral therapy suppresses viral replication and restores the number of circulating CD4+ T cells. However, 15%-30% of treated patients show a discordant response to combined antiretroviral therapy. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are expanded in HIV+ patients; to better understand the role of MDSC on CD4 T-cell recovery, we evaluated the frequency of MDSC in HIV+ patients under combined antiretroviral therapy and its association with immunologic response.

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  • The study investigates the decline of immune responses in people living with HIV (PLWH) after vaccination and booster doses, focusing on those with low CD4 counts (≤200 cells/mm).
  • It measured neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses at multiple time points to assess the effectiveness of the primary vaccine cycle and booster dose.
  • Results showed that those with low CD4 counts experienced a more significant drop in neutralizing antibodies, but booster doses increased these levels and maintained them longer against certain variants, even though T cell responses remained detectable across all groups.
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Background: A rapid ART initiation approach can be beneficial in people with advanced HIV disease, in consideration of their high morbidity and mortality. The aim of our study was to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy and safety of rapid ART start with BIC/FTC/TAF in this setting.

Methods: Pilot, single-centre, single-arm, prospective, phase IV clinical trial conducted in a tertiary Italian hospital.

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: We aimed to analyse the incidence and severity of breakthrough infections (BIs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients after a COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination booster dose. : We enrolled 194 RA patients and 1002 healthcare workers (HCWs) as controls. Clinical, lifestyle and demographic factors were collected at the time of the third dose, and immunogenicity analyses were carried out in a subgroup of patients at 4-6 weeks after the third dose.

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COVID-19 patients show characteristic over-expression of different cytokines that may interfere with the interferon (IFN) response, delaying its production. Within the overexpressed cytokines, IL-8 plays a key role, and it may impede IFN-I activation. PBMC from eight healthy donors were exposed to 2019-nCoV/Italy-INMI1 isolate and supernatants/cells were collected at different time points; the production of either IFN-alpha or IL-8 was assessed.

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It is increasingly evident that the association of glycans with the prion protein (PrP), a major post-translational modification, significantly impacts the pathogenesis of prion diseases. A recent bioassay study has provided evidence that the presence of PrP glycans decreases spongiform degeneration and disease-related PrP (PrPD) deposition in a murine model. We challenged (PRNPN181Q/197Q) transgenic (Tg) mice expressing glycan-free human PrP (TgGlyc-), with isolates from sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease subtype MM2 (sCJDMM2), sporadic fatal insomnia and familial fatal insomnia, three human prion diseases that are distinct but share histotypic and PrPD features.

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Erythrocyte glutathione transferase is a well-known biomarker of environmental pollution. Examination of the extensive scientific literature discovers an atypical and very interesting property of this enzyme which may reveal a chronic exposition to many contaminants but in some cases even an acute and short-term dangerous contamination. This review also underlines the peculiar molecular and kinetic properties of this enzyme which makes it unique in the panorama of enzymes used as biomarker for environmental contamination.

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  • Researchers wanted to find out if prions, which are harmful proteins, are in the urine of people with a disease called sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD).
  • They tested urine samples from sCJD patients and compared them to samples from healthy people and others with different brain diseases.
  • The study found that 36% of sCJD patients had prions in their urine, meaning there could be a risk of spreading the disease between people, and this test could help detect sCJD without needing a complicated procedure.
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  • * This case is unique as it documents necrotizing mpox in an individual with advanced HIV, with the virus persisting for over 11 months and extensive immunological analysis performed.
  • * The study highlights that severe immune deficiency and co-infections may weaken immune responses, necessitating further research on immune reactions to monkeypox in immunosuppressed individuals to enhance treatment and prevention strategies.
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Lactoferrin, a multifunctional iron-binding protein containing 16 disulfides, is actively studied for its antibacterial and anti-carcinogenic properties. However, scarce information is nowadays available about its oxidative folding starting from the reduced and unfolded status. This study discovers unusual properties when this protein is examined in its reduced molten globule-like conformation.

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Objectives: To investigate immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine third booster dose (3BD; fifth dose) with bivalent vaccine original/BA4/5 vaccine in people living with HIV (PLWH).

Methods: This is an observational cohort study to evaluate the outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (HIV-VAC study). We analyzed microneutralization assay and interferon-γ production in 48 PLWH on antiretroviral therapy with clusters of differentiation (CD4) count <200 cell/mm and/or previous AIDS according to immunization status: vaccinated PLWH who had a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (hybrid immunization, HI) vs those only vaccinated (non-hybrid immunization, nHI) and current CD4 count.

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This study characterizes antibody and T-cell immune responses over time until the booster dose of COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) undergoing different disease-modifying treatments (DMTs). We prospectively enrolled 134 PwMS and 99 health care workers (HCWs) having completed the two-dose schedule of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine within the last 2-4 weeks (T0) and followed them 24 weeks after the first dose (T1) and 4-6 weeks after the booster (T2). PwMS presented a significant reduction in the seroconversion rate and anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD)-Immunoglobulin (IgG) titers from T0 to T1 ( < 0.

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Background: Vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2-anti-spike antibody (anti-S/RBD) titers are often used as a marker of immune protection and to anticipate the risk of breakthrough infections, although no clear cut-off is available. We describe the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections in COVID-19-free personnel of our hospital, according to B- and T-cell immune response elicited one month after mRNA third dose vaccination.

Methods: The study included 487 individuals for whom data on anti-S/RBD were available.

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Introduction: Immunocompromised patients have been shown to have an impaired immune response to COVID-19 vaccines.

Methods: Here we compared the B-cell, T-cell and neutralizing antibody response to WT and Omicron BA.2 SARS-CoV-2 virus after the fourth dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in patients with hematological malignancies (HM, n=71), solid tumors (ST, n=39) and immune-rheumatological (IR, n=25) diseases.

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Background: An unprecedented global monkeypox outbreak started in May, 2022. No data are yet available about the dynamics of the immune response against monkeypox virus. The aim of this study was to describe kinetics of T-cell response, inflammatory profile, and pox-specific T-cell induction in patients with laboratory-confirmed monkeypox.

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Most patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 display mild symptoms with good prognosis, while 20% of patients suffer from severe viral pneumonia and up to 5% may require intensive care unit (ICU) admission due to severe acute respiratory syndrome, which could be accompanied by multiorgan failure.Plasma proteomics provide valuable and unbiased information about disease progression and therapeutic candidates. Recent proteomic studies have identified molecular changes in plasma of COVID-19 patients that implied significant dysregulation of several aspects of the inflammatory response accompanied by a general metabolic suppression.

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  • The MET oncogene's tyrosine kinase receptor has an extracellular domain called PSI, which has been previously unexplored in terms of function despite being evolutionarily conserved.
  • Recent experiments reveal that the MET extracellular PSI domain exhibits disulfide isomerase activity, crucial for the maturation process of the MET precursor protein into its active forms, which are involved in signaling pathways.
  • Mutations in the PSI domain hinder the cleavage and maturation of the MET protein, leading to its accumulation in the Golgi apparatus and preventing essential biological processes triggered by its ligand, Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF).
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  • Development of new vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 aims to improve availability in low-income areas, despite existing effective vaccines.
  • A study tracked immune responses in young and old volunteers after receiving the GRAd-COV2 vaccine, showing strong antibody and T-cell responses that were maintained for 3 months but declined by 6 months.
  • GRAd-COV2 demonstrated good safety and immune response, making it a promising candidate for further clinical development as part of the COVID-19 vaccination strategy.
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