[Aggregation function of platelets in persons with arterial hypertension and abdominal obesity].

In patients with arterial hypertension (AH) accompanied by abdominal obesity (AO) increase in platelets adhesive and aggregation functions was noted in vitro and in vivo. The cause of these disturbances is blood serum and platelets lipid peroxidation activation, increase in synthesis of Willebrand's factor in a vascular wall, and intensification of thromboxane production in platelets. Activation of thromboplastin production is the main cause of increase in blood coagulation in patients with AH and AO.

Acetaldehyde production and metabolism by human indigenous and probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains.

Many human gastrointestinal facultative anaerobic and aerobic bacteria possess alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity and are therefore capable of oxidizing ethanol to acetaldehyde. We examined whether human gastrointestinal lactobacilli (three strains), bifidobacteria (five strains) and probiotic Lactobacillus GG ATCC 53103 are also able to metabolize ethanol and acetaldehyde in vitro. Acetaldehyde production by bacterial suspensions was determined by gas chromatography after a 1-h incubation with 22 mM ethanol.

Ciprofloxacin administration decreases enhanced ethanol elimination in ethanol-fed rats.

Many colonic aerobic bacteria possess alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity and are capable of oxidizing ethanol to acetaldehyde. Accordingly, some ingested ethanol can be metabolized in the colon in vivo via the bacteriocolonic pathway for ethanol oxidation. By diminishing the amount of aerobic colonic bacteria with ciprofloxacin treatment, we recently showed that the bacteriocolonic pathway may contribute up to 9% of total ethanol elimination in naive rats.

High blood endotoxin does not affect ethanol elimination in rats.

Gut-derived endotoxins have been proposed as mediators of the enhancement of ethanol elimination after chronic alcohol administration. We investigated whether chronically elevated blood-endotoxin levels affect the rate of ethanol elimination in a study where endotoxin was administered chronically from an osmotic minipump to rats fed ethanol in a liquid diet. As expected, an acute dose of ethanol (1.

Inhibition of intracolonic acetaldehyde production and alcoholic fermentation in rats by ciprofloxacin.

Heavy drinking is associated with many gastrointestinal symptoms and diseases, such as rapid intestinal transit time, diarrhea, colon polyps, and colorectal cancer. Acetaldehyde produced from ethanol by intestinal microbes has recently been suggested to be one of the pathogenetic factors related to alcohol-associated gastrointestinal morbidity. Furthermore, acetaldehyde is absorbed from the colon into portal blood and may thus contribute to the development of alcoholic liver injury.

Characteristics of aldehyde dehydrogenases of certain aerobic bacteria representing human colonic flora.

We have proposed the existence of a bacteriocolonic pathway for ethanol oxidation resulting in high intracolonic levels of toxic and carcinogenic acetaldehyde. This study was aimed at determining the ability of the aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) of aerobic bacteria representing human colonic flora to metabolize intracolonically derived acetaldehyde. The apparent Michaelis constant (Km) values for acetaldehyde were determined in crude extracts of five aerobic bacterial strains, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and ALDH activities of these bacteria at conditions prevailing in the human large intestine after moderate drinking were then compared.

Effects of acetaldehyde on cell regeneration and differentiation of the upper gastrointestinal tract mucosa.

Background: The tumor-promoting effect of ethanol on cancer of the upper respiratory-digestive tract is not well understood. Although ethanol itself is not carcinogenic, the first product of ethanol metabolism-acetaldehyde is. Acetaldehyde can be produced from ethanol by oral bacteria, and high concentrations have been observed in human saliva after ethanol consumption.

Characteristics of alcohol dehydrogenases of certain aerobic bacteria representing human colonic flora.

We have recently proposed the existence of a bacteriocolonic pathway for ethanol oxidation [i.e., ethanol is oxidized by alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) of intestinal bacteria resulting in high intracolonic levels of reactive and toxic acetaldehyde].

Inhibition of bacteriocolonic pathway for ethanol oxidation by ciprofloxacin in rats.

Many colonic bacteria possess marked alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity and are capable of oxidizing ethanol to acetaldehyde both in vitro and in vivo. We have recently shown that part of ingested ethanol is metabolized to acetaldehyde in the colon during normal alcohol metabolism. To assess the contribution of this bacteriocolonic pathway for ethanol oxidation to total ethanol metabolism, the elimination rate of ethanol, faecal aerobic flora and faecal ADH activity were determined in rats before and after the treatment with ciprofloxacin (200 mg/kg/day) for four days.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and acetate production by aerobic bacteria representing the normal flora of human large intestine.

We have recently proposed the existence of a bacteriological pathway for ethanol oxidation, i.e. ethanol is oxidized by alcohol dehydrogenase of intestinal bacteria resulting in high intracolonic levels of reactive and toxic acetaldehyde.

In vitro alcohol dehydrogenase-mediated acetaldehyde production by aerobic bacteria representing the normal colonic flora in man.

Excessive ethanol consumption has been related with the development of liver cirrhosis, as well as with rapid intestinal transit time and diarrhea. Moreover, heavy drinking is associated with an increased incidence of cancer of the oropharynx, larynx, esophagus, and colorectum. Acetaldehyde of microbial origin has recently been suggested as a possible pathogenic factor behind this alcohol-associated gastrointestinal morbidity.

[Clinical effectiveness of pefloxacin (abaktal)in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the kidneys, urinary tracts and genital organs].

Pefloxacin (Abaktal) was used in treatment of 83 patients: 14 patients with acute pyelonephritis, 5 patients with carbuncle of the kidney, 17 patients with postoperative acute pyelonephritis, 3 patients with urosepsis, 7 patients with acute prostatitis, 18 patients with chronic pyelonephritis in the phase of active inflammation, 9 patients with exacerbation of chronic prostatitis, 3 patients with acute cystitis, 2 patients with acute urethritis and 5 patients with epididymo-orchitis. Two dosage forms of pefloxacin were used i.e.

[Study of beta-lactamase activity of staphylococci from different sources].

The beta-lactamase activity of staphylococci isolated from the nasopharynx and skin of children with destructive affections of the lungs and from blood of patients with cardiovascular diseases subjected to surgical operations was determined with acidometric and microbiological procedures. Interrelation between synthesis of beta-lactamase by the staphylococcal strains and their resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was demonstrated. No correlation of the antibiotic resistance and the taxonomic position of the staphylococcal strains was observed.

[Coagulase-negative staphylococci in pyoseptic pathology and methods for their identification].

Analysis of clinical material from cardiosurgical and cardiotherapeutic patients and that from neonates with pyoseptic infections, hospitalized in Moscow and Gorky, has demonstrated the etiologic significance of coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS). Since many strains did not belong to S. aureus, S.

[Investigation of food poisoning of staphylococcal etiology using a comparison of the extracellular proteins of the isolated causative agents].

Materials on the study of four outbreaks of alimentary toxinfections of staphylococcal etiology, carried out by the method of the identification of staphylococci by the spectra of their extracellular proteins, are presented. As the result of this study, the sources and transfer routes of infections have been established. The method of the identification of staphylococci by the exoprotein spectra has made it possible to find out the epidemiological chain with greater accuracy.

[Immunochemical profile of Staphylococcus aureus exoproducts].

The immunochemical profile of the exoproducts of S. aureus, isolated from a suppurative focus, included two groups of antigens: cell-wall antigens and exoproduct antigens proper. Cross reactions revealed that the highest peak was identical to the preparation of staphylococcal serine proteinase whose high activity had been determined in the biochemical study of the strain.

[Comparison of the spectra of the extracellular proteins in differentiating staphylococcal cultures].

The study of the spectra of the extracellular proteins of 45 museum cultures and 391 newly isolated cultures has demonstrated that these spectra are the strain characteristic of staphylococci. A method for the identification of staphylococci by the spectra of their extracellular proteins is proposed.

[Interaction of NADH-dehydrogenase from M. lysodeikticus membranes with lipids in a reconstituted system].

The NADH-dehydrogenase isolated from the M. lysodeikticus membranes was reconstituted into liposomes from the lipids obtained from the same membranes. The presence and degree of the reconstitution were investigated by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis and photoreactive hydrophobic label.

[Study of membrane proteins from Microccus lysodeikticus using immunochemical methods].

Using immunoelectrophoresis, the antigenicity of various protein fractions of the Micrococcus lysodeikticus membranes was evaluated. It was shown that both the peripheral and integral membrane proteins possess the antigenic determinants. The antiserum exhausted by the M.

[Comparative study of antineoplastic and immunosuppressive properties of ftorafur].

In experiments staged on mice with transplantable leukemia L 1210 an immunodepressive and antineoplasic action of phthorafur was studied. Depending upon its dose phthorafur lowered the number of lymphoma colonies and antibody-forming cells in the spleen of the animals immunized with sheep erythrocytes. The maximal immunodepressive action was found to set in following administration of the agent in a dose of 500 mg/kg 24 and 48 hours after antigenic stimulation.