Sex-based differences in referral of heart failure patients to outpatient clinics: a scoping review.

Background: Guidelines recommend that hospitalized patients newly diagnosed with HF be referred to an outpatient HF clinic (HFC) within 2 weeks of discharge. Our study aims were (i) to assess the current literary landscape on the impact of patient sex on HFC referral and outcomes and (ii) to provide a qualitative overview of possible considerations for the impact of sex on referral patterns and HF characteristics including aetiology, symptom severity, investigations undertaken and pharmacologic therapy.

Methods And Results: We conducted a scoping review using the Arksey and O'Malley framework and searched Medline, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Cochrane Library, Ageline databases and grey literature.

Sex-Specific Trends in Incidence and Mortality for Urban and Rural Ambulatory Patients with Heart Failure in Eastern Ontario from 1994 to 2013.

Background: Differences in outcomes have previously been reported between urban and rural settings across a multitude of chronic diseases. Whether these discrepancies have changed over time, and how sex may influence these findings is unknown for patients with ambulatory heart failure (HF). We examined the temporal incidence and mortality trends by geography in these patients.