Gender Incongruence in Danish Youth (GenDa): A Protocol for a Retrospective Cohort Study of Danish Children and Adolescents Referred to a National Gender Identity Service.

In recent years, the national Gender Identity Service for individuals under 18 years of age in Denmark has seen a considerable increase in referrals of youngsters during puberty. Given this development, it is important to deepen our understanding of the characteristics of contemporary youngsters seeking help for gender incongruence. This understanding can serve as the foundation for improving current treatment regimens by ensuring optimal individual assessment and care.

Serum Insulin-like Factor 3, Testosterone, and LH in Experimental and Therapeutic Testicular Suppression.

Background: Serum insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) is a Leydig cell biomarker, but little is known about the circulating concentration of INSL3 during hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular suppression.

Aim: To study the concomitant changes in serum concentrations of INSL3, testosterone, and LH during experimental and therapeutic testicular suppression.

Methods: We included serum samples from 3 different cohorts comprising subjects before and after testicular suppression: (1) 6 healthy young men who were treated with androgens (Sustanon, Aspen Pharma, Dublin, Ireland); 2) 10 transgender girls (male sex assigned at birth) who were treated with 3-monthly GnRH agonist injections (Leuprorelinacetat, Abacus Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark); and (3) 55 patients with prostate cancer who were randomized to surgical castration (bilateral subcapsular orchiectomy) or treatment with GnRH agonist (Triptorelin, Ipsen Pharma, Kista, Sweden).

The Acrosomal Status of Density Purified Spermatozoa Differentiates Men from Couples in IVF and ICSI Treatment and Is Associated with Fecundity.

The acrosome of the spermatozoa is required for fertilization and in the raw ejaculate the percentage of viable acrosome-intact spermatozoa, the acrosomal status, is higher among men with good semen quality. Here we investigated if the acrosomal status of the processed semen preparations used at a fertility clinic can also be informative and whether it is associated with fecundity. The acrosomal status was measured by image cytometry on purified semen samples from couples during in vitro fertilization (IVF) ( = 99) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) ( = 107) treatment.

Sleeping disturbances and pharmacological/nonpharmacological interventions in old people.

Sleeping disturbance constitutes a major problem occurring in 25% of people aged over 65. Among the most frequent reasons of insomnia one can mention the overuse of coffee, alcohol, smoking, using some drugs, stress, depression, neurosis, dementia, chronic diseases. Idiopathic insomnia constitutes less than 5% of cases.

[The incidence of reversible dementia in 145 patients referred on suspicion of dementia].

Introduction: We performed a retrospective study of 145 consecutive patients referred on suspicion of dementia. We were particularly interested in the occurrence of reversible dementia. Dementia was defined with reference to the ICD-10 criteria.

Osteoclast-like giant cells in leiomyomatous tumors of the uterus. A case report and review of the literature.

Osteoclast-like giant cells (OLGC) in leiomyomatous tumors of the uterus are rarely seen, and their significance is unknown. We present a case of a large leiomyomatous tumor in which OLGC were found in only few sections showing leiomyosarcoma whereas the majority of sections revealed a leiomyoma. Though radically operated, the patient died a few months later with recurrent tumor in the pelvis and metastases to the lungs.

Case report: obstructive sleep apnea--an air safety risk.

Aviation safety reports indicate that many incidents are related to fatigue. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by irregular snoring with repeated apnea episodes during sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness. Deprived of sleep, patients suffer from daytime sleepiness and involuntary sleep attacks.

Airway dimensions and head posture in obstructive sleep apnoea.

The present cephalometric study aimed to describe the antero-posterior diameters of the pharyngeal airway in a sample of 50 male obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients and a reference sample of 103 male students, and to examine the relationship between these diameters and the posture of the head and the cervical column. Subjects were recorded in the cephalometer standing with the head in its natural position (mirror position). Pharyngeal airway diameters were measured at seven levels ranging from the maxillary tuberosity to the vallecula of the epiglottis.

Treatment of sleep apnoea in spinal cord injured patients.

Little is known about sleep disorders in spinal cord injured (SCI) patients. Three SCI patients who reported severe daytime sleepiness and sleep complaints were evaluated with nocturnal polysomnography and oxygen saturation with pulsoximeter on several occasions at home. In addition respiratory registration was preformed during overnight stay in the hospital.

[Sleep apnea. Improved quality of life with continuous positive pressure respiration].

Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea complain of excessive daytime sleepiness and unwanted sleep attacks. Treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure, CPAP, normalizes the sleep pattern and the daytime symptoms disappear. Twenty-five patients evaluated their situation by questionnaire before and during CPAP treatment.

[Obstructive sleep apnea and abnormal fatigue].

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is characterized by irregular snoring during sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness and in some cases unwanted sleep attacks. The patient has a disturbed night sleep with numerous wakenings. Disturbed sleep at night causes daytime problems with attention, concentration and work performance.

[Heterotopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilization].

Until December 1991, 1171 pregnancies had been established in Denmark after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Thirteen of these pregnancies were heterotopic (1.1%).

[Pulse oximetry and obstructive sleep apnea].

We report a case of a 54 years old man, treated with Methylphenidate (Ritalin) because of narcolepsy, who was referred with suspected vertebro-basilar insufficiency. In the hospital, apnoea during sleep attacks were observed. A polysomnography showed marked obstructive sleep apnoea with a disturbed hypnogram, but during the apnoeas the oxygen saturation only decreased by three to six percent.

Endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women with and without previous estrogen replacement treatment: comparison of clinical and histopathological characteristics.

Clinical and histopathological features of postmenopausal endometrial cancer were studied in 63 patients who had received exogenous estrogens previously and in 76 patients who had never been exposed to estrogens. All treatments were primarily surgical. Estrogen users were younger than nonusers (P < 0.

Heterotopic pregnancies after in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer--a Danish survey.

Thirteen cases of heterotopic pregnancy were diagnosed among 1171 pregnancies established in Denmark after in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Thus the frequency of heterotopic pregnancy was 13/1171 or 1.1%.

Biochemical and immunohistochemical estrogen and progesterone receptors in adenomatous hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma: correlations with stage and other clinicopathologic features.

Objective: This study investigates clinicopathologic associations of estrogen and progesterone receptor content in endometrial carcinoma.

Study Design: One hundred fifty-two patients with endometrial cancer and 12 with adenomatous hyperplasia were included. Dextran-coated charcoal receptor assay and immunohistochemical analysis were used.