Safety and Serum Estradiol Levels in Hormonal Treatments for Vulvovaginal Atrophy in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Vulvo-vaginal atrophy (VVA) or genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a common condition among breast cancer (BC) patients, especially those undergoing antiestrogen therapy. Despite being an option in refractory cases, the safety of hormonal treatment remains uncertain in this population. The aim of this study was to review the safety and serum estrogen levels of hormonal therapy in patients with BC history presenting with VVA symptoms.

Viral Respiratory Infections: An Ounce of Prevention Is Worth a Pound of Cure.

The sudden outbreak and global spread of COVID-19 demanded a tremendous amount of attention for viral respiratory infections (VRIs) in modern times. Evidence accumulated over the past few decades increasingly suggests the importance of recognizing the background and context of lifestyle factors in the prevention of VRIs recurrence. The focus of attention has specifically been on how to optimize respiratory barrier function and immune function during the period of the pandemic outbreak.

Effect of Blast Injury on Auditory Localization in Military Service Members.

Objectives: Among the many advantages of binaural hearing are the abilities to localize sounds in space and to attend to one sound in the presence of many sounds. Binaural hearing provides benefits for all listeners, but it may be especially critical for military personnel who must maintain situational awareness in complex tactical environments with multiple speech and noise sources. There is concern that Military Service Members who have been exposed to one or more high-intensity blasts during their tour of duty may have difficulty with binaural and spatial ability due to degradation in auditory and cognitive processes.

Multi-species sensing using multi-mode absorption spectroscopy with mid-infrared interband cascade lasers.

The application of an interband cascade laser, ICL, to multi-mode absorption spectroscopy, MUMAS, in the mid-infrared region is reported. Measurements of individual mode linewidths of the ICL, derived from the pressure dependence of lineshapes in MUMAS signatures of single, isolated, lines in the spectrum of HCl, were found to be in the range 10-80 MHz. Multi-line spectra of methane were recorded using spectrally limited bandwidths, of approximate width 27 cm, defined by an interference filter, and consist of approximately 80 modes at spectral locations spanning the 100 cm bandwidth of the ICL output.

Mid-infrared multi-mode absorption spectroscopy using interband cascade lasers for multi-species sensing.

An interband cascade laser (ICL) operating at 3.7 μm has been used to perform multimode absorption spectroscopy, MUMAS, at scan rates up to 10 kHz. Line widths of individual modes in the range 10-80 MHz were derived from isolated lines in the MUMAS signatures of HCl.

AuD-degree holders in tenure-track positions: survey of program chairpersons and AuD-degree holders.

Background: The doctor of audiology (AuD) degree is now the entry-level degree for the profession of audiology. Typically, AuD programs train professionals for clinical careers, while those offering PhDs educate students for university teaching and research positions. Some in the communication sciences and disorders have predicted that there could be a shortage of PhDs in academic institutions over the next decade as senior faculty members with PhDs retire, AuD programs expand, and likely fewer students complete PhD degrees or elect to pursue careers in academia.

Rapid passage signals induced by chirped quantum cascade laser radiation: K state dependent-delay effects in the nu2 band of NH3.

In this Letter, a 10 microm quantum cascade laser operating in the intrapulse mode is used observe rapid passage (RP) effects within a 40 cm single-pass gas cell containing low pressures of NH(3). The laser tuning range allows the rotational states J=2 with K=0, 1, and 2 to be probed. We show that the RP structures change as a function of optical density and that the magnitude of the delay in the switch from absorption to emission as a function of increased gas pressure is dependent upon the initial value of K.

A meta-analysis of family-behavioral weight-loss treatments for children.

Childhood obesity is a major concern in the United States. Because children's diets can be significantly influenced by parental behavior (e.g.

Diagnosis of microthrombocytosis and immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in dogs with thrombocytopenia: 68 cases (1987-1989).

The mean platelet volume (MPV) was evaluated in 68 dogs with thrombocytopenia attributable to various causes. Platelet size was high or low in some dogs. The most clinically useful observation was that low MPV (microthrombocytosis) was a specific indicator of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT) in these thrombocytopenic dogs.

New technology in infant hearing screening.

Early identification of hearing loss is critical in enhancing auditory and language skills in the hearing-impaired infant. Various strategies for infant hearing screening are discussed. The current status of technology for screening, including auditory brainstem response audiometry, is also discussed.

Early Language Milestone Scale and language screening of young children.

The purpose of this project was to evaluate the use of the Early Language Milestone Scale (ELM) in screening language skills in young children. In this study, 657 children from birth to 36 months of age were evaluated with the ELM. The overall failure rate was 8%.

Impedance screening. An integral part of hearing screening.

Rationale is presented for including tympanometry as an integral part of all hearing screening programs. Impedance screening will yield more accurate screening results in the identification of middle ear disease than traditional hearing testing or otoscopic examination. Medical complications often result from unidentified otitis media which also contributes to speech, language, and educational delays in children.

Aural rehabilitation in noise induced hearing loss.

The patient with noise induced hearing loss presents complex aural rehabilitative problems. Such patients are not generally good candidates for "traditional" aural rehabilitation involving speech reading therapy and auditory training. Instead aural rehabilitation efforts involve individual evaluation of the communication handicap, non-medical relief for tinnitus, possible hearing aid use with carefully selected amplification and earmold, and counseling on hearing and listening.

The controversial relationship between loudness discomfort levels and acoustic reflex thresholds.

Controversy presently exists concerning the relationship between loudness discomfort levels (LDL's) and acoustic reflex thresholds (ART's). In this study, LDL's and ART's were obtained for two groups of ten normal-hearing adult subjects and one group of ten adult subjects with bilateral sensorineural hearing losses. The procedure involved obtaining LDL's and ART's under earphones and under sound field conditions for four different acoustic stimuli: pure tones, warble tones, spondaic words, and speech spectrum noise.