Anti-atherogenic mechanism of ethanol extract of Christia vespertilionis (L.f.) Bakh. F. Leaves in vitro.

Background: Vascular inflammation is the key event in early atherogenesis. Pro-inflammatory endothelial cells induce monocyte recruitment into the sub-endothelial layer of the artery. This requires endothelial expression of adhesion molecules namely intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), alongside chemokines production.

and studies of the potential cytotoxic, antioxidant, and HMG CoA reductase inhibitory effects of chitin from Indonesia mangrove crab () shells.

This study aimed to characterize chitin extracted from Indonesia mangrove crab () shells, as well as to assess its cytotoxic, antioxidant, and HMG CoA reductase inhibitory potentials. molecular docking, molecular dynamic, and ADMET prediction analyses were also carried out. Chitin was extracted from mangrove crab shells using deproteination and demineralization processes, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) characterization are then performed.

Immunosuppressive Effects of L. Leaf Extract on Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses in Male Wistar Rats.

Background: Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae) (AM)'s remarkable anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities make it a targeted plant to be explored for its immunomodulatory properties. Traditional practitioners have employed various components of AM to cure a variety of ailments, including cancer, diabetes, and inflammation.

Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. extract attenuates monocyte adherence to endothelial cells through suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. (GP) is a herbaceous plant that grows in Malaysia and other parts of Southeast Asia.

ethanol extract improves vascular dysfunction by suppressing inflammation in postmenopausal rats fed a high-fat diet.

Context: (Lour.) Merr. (Asteraceae) has been reported to have various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory effects.

Targeting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative stress attenuates nicotine-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction.

Long-term nicotine intake is associated with an increased risk of myocardial damage and dysfunction. However, it remains unclear whether targeting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) prevents nicotine-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. This study investigated the effects of mitoTEMPO (a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant), and resveratrol (a sirtuin activator) , on nicotine-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction.

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Genus : A Systematic Review.

species have been used traditionally to treat various ailments, such as fever, pain, and to control blood glucose level. This systematic review critically discusses studies regarding species that exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, thus providing perspectives and instructions for future research of the plants as a potential source of new dietary supplements or medicinal agents. A literature search from internet databases of PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, e-theses Online Service, and ProQuest was carried out using a combination of keywords such as "," "antioxidant," "anti-inflammatory," or other related words.

Impact of prolonged nicotine administration on myocardial function and susceptibility to ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

This study investigated the impact of prolonged nicotine administration on myocardial susceptibility to ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in a rat model and determined whether nicotine affects mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and permeability transition in rat hearts. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 0.6 or 1.

Angiotensin II Type I Receptor Antagonism Attenuates Nicotine-Induced Cardiac Remodeling, Dysfunction, and Aggravation of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats.

Increased exposure to nicotine contributes to the development of cardiac dysfunction by promoting oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation. These deleterious events altogether render cardiac myocytes more susceptible to acute cardiac insults such as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study sought to elucidate the role of angiotensin II type I (AT1) receptors in cardiac injury resulting from prolonged nicotine administration in a rat model.

Standardised Extract Reduces Cholesterol Levels and Modulates Oxidative Status in Postmenopausal Rats Fed with Cholesterol Diet Enriched with Repeatedly Heated Palm Oil.

(Lour.) Merr. (GP) has been reported in previous studies to possess antihyperlipidaemic, antioxidative, and cardioprotective properties.

Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle) polyphenol-rich extract averts cardiac functional and structural abnormalities in type 1 diabetic rats.

Diabetes mellitus is often associated with cardiac functional and structural alteration, an initial event leading to cardiovascular complications. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) has been widely proven as an antioxidant and recently has incited research interest for its potential in treating cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the cardioprotective effects of H.

Roselle is cardioprotective in diet-induced obesity rat model with myocardial infarction.

Aims: Obesity increase the risks of hypertension and myocardial infarction (MI) mediated by oxidative stress. This study was undertaken to investigate the actions of roselle aqueous extract (R) on cardiotoxicity in obese (OB) rats and thereon OB rats subjected to MI.

Main Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with either normal diet or high-fat diet for 8weeks.

Synthesis of unsymmetrical monocarbonyl curcumin analogues with potent inhibition on prostaglandin E2 production in LPS-induced murine and human macrophages cell lines.

The syntheses and bioactivities of symmetrical curcumin and its analogues have been the subject of interest by many medicinal chemists and pharmacologists over the years. To improve our understanding, we have synthesized a series of unsymmetrical monocarbonyl curcumin analogues and evaluated their effects on prostaglandin E2 production in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 and U937 cells.

Effects of chalcone derivatives on players of the immune system.

The immune system is the defense mechanism in living organisms that protects against the invasion of foreign materials, microorganisms, and pathogens. It involves multiple organs and tissues in human body, such as lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. However, the execution of immune activities depends on a number of specific cell types, such as B cells, T cells, macrophages, and granulocytes, which provide various immune responses against pathogens.

A comparison of five lipid extraction solvent systems for lipidomic studies of human LDL.

Lipidome profile of fluids and tissues is a growing field as the role of lipids as signaling molecules is increasingly understood, relying on an effective and representative extraction of the lipids present. A number of solvent systems suitable for lipid extraction are commonly in use, though no comprehensive investigation of their effectiveness across multiple lipid classes has been carried out. To address this, human LDL from normolipidemic volunteers was used to evaluate five different solvent extraction protocols [Folch, Bligh and Dyer, acidified Bligh and Dyer, methanol (MeOH)-tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME), and hexane-isopropanol] and the extracted lipids were analyzed by LC-MS in a high-resolution instrument equipped with polarity switching.

Analysis of oxidized and chlorinated lipids by mass spectrometry and relevance to signalling.

Oxidized and chlorinated phospholipids are generated under inflammatory conditions and are increasingly understood to play important roles in diseases involving oxidative stress. MS is a sensitive and informative technique for monitoring phospholipid oxidation that can provide structural information and simultaneously detect a wide variety of oxidation products, including chain-shortened and -chlorinated phospholipids. MSn technologies involve fragmentation of the compounds to yield diagnostic fragment ions and thus assist in identification.

An inter-laboratory validation of methods of lipid peroxidation measurement in UVA-treated human plasma samples.

Lipid peroxidation products like malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal and F(2)-isoprostanes are widely used as markers of oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. This study reports the results of a multi-laboratory validation study by COST Action B35 to assess inter-laboratory and intra-laboratory variation in the measurement of lipid peroxidation. Human plasma samples were exposed to UVA irradiation at different doses (0, 15 J, 20 J), encoded and shipped to 15 laboratories, where analyses of malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal and isoprostanes were conducted.