Healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use at a major referral hospital in Papua New Guinea: a point prevalence survey.

Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) and antimicrobial use (AMU) are drivers for antimicrobial resistance, and robust data are required to inform interventions and track changes. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of HAI and AMU at Port Moresby General Hospital (PMGH), the largest hospital in Papua New Guinea.

Methods: We did a point prevalence survey (PPS) on HAI and AMU at PMGH in May 2023 using the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) PPS protocol.

Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial of Experimental Hookworm Infection for Improving Gluten Tolerance in Celiac Disease.

Introduction: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where intestinal immunopathology arises after gluten consumption. Previous studies suggested that hookworm infection restores gluten tolerance; however, these studies were small (n = 12) and not placebo controlled.

Methods: We undertook a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of hookworm infection in 54 people with celiac disease.

FoodCASE: A system to manage food composition, consumption and TDS data.

Food and nutrition scientists, nowadays, need to manage an increasing amount of data regarding food composition, food consumption and Total Diet Studies (TDS). The corresponding datasets can contain information about several thousand different foods, in different versions from different studies. FoodCASE is a system that has been developed to manage these different datasets.

A scope classification of data quality requirements for food composition data.

Data quality is an important issue when managing food composition data since the usage of the data can have a significant influence on policy making and further research. Although several frameworks for data quality have been proposed, general tools and measures are still lacking. As a first step in this direction, we investigated data quality requirements for an information system to manage food composition data, called FoodCASE.

Multilayer volume holographic optical memory.

We demonstrate a scheme for volume holographic storage based on the features of shift selectivity of a speckle reference-wave hologram. The proposed recording method permits more-efficient use of the recording medium and yields greater storage density than spherical or plane-wave reference beams. Experimental results of multiple hologram storage and replay in a photorefractive crystal of iron-doped lithium niobate are presented.

Inactivation of p16INK4a by CpG hypermethylation is not a frequent event in colorectal cancer.

Background And Objectives: Gene promoter hypermethylation is common in colorectal cancer and is associated with transcriptional silencing. However, the clinicopathological significance of p16(INK4a) gene silencing with hypermethylation is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze loss of p16 expression and its relationship to hypermethylation in sporadic colorectal cancer.

CpG island methylation is a common finding in colorectal cancer cell lines.

Tumour cell lines are commonly used in colorectal cancer (CRC) research, including studies designed to assess methylation defects. Although many of the known genetic aberrations in CRC cell lines have been comprehensively described, no studies have been performed on their methylation status. In this study, 30 commonly used CRC cell lines as well as seven primary tumours from individuals with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) were assessed for methylation at six CpG islands known to be hypermethylated in colorectal cancer: hMLH1, p16, methylated in tumour (MINT-)-1, -2, -12 and -31.

The role of hMLH1 methylation in the development of synchronous sporadic colorectal carcinomas.

Purpose: AB. B. subset of sporadic colorectal carcinomas show microsatellite instability, usually as a result of biallelic hMLH1 gene promoter methylation.

CpG island methylation in sporadic colorectal cancers and its relationship to microsatellite instability.

Background & Aims: Methylation of CpG islands is increasingly recognized as an important event in colorectal carcinogenesis. We evaluated the extent of CpG island methylation in 426 sporadic colorectal cancers to define its relationship to microsatellite instability and to describe its clinicopathologic and genetic features.

Methods: Fresh cancer tissue was obtained from 417 consecutive individuals undergoing curative surgery for sporadic colorectal cancer.

Microsatellite instability and the clinicopathological features of sporadic colorectal cancer.

Background And Aims: In this study, we prospectively examined the clinical significance of the microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype in sporadic colorectal cancer, and investigated methods for effective identification of these tumours in routine pathology practice.

Methods: DNA was extracted from 310 tumours collected from 302 consecutive individuals undergoing curative surgery for sporadic colorectal cancer. Microsatellite status was determined by polymerase chain reaction amplification using standard markers, while immunostaining was used to examine expression of MLH1, MSH2, and p53.

Appropriateness and necessity research on the Internet: using a "second opinion system".

Appropriateness and necessity research of various procedures in medicine may be the most complex field of innovation in healthcare and technology assessment. Nevertheless, the appropriateness of the indication of any medical intervention is probably more important than the outcome since even ideal quality components of structures, processes and outcomes become irrelevant without a proper indication. The first part of our appropriateness initiative in interventional cardiology and gynecology was to formulate guidelines.

The Swiss database on quality projects in medical institutions.

Since the early 1990s it is important for every medical institution to report on activities in the field of quality improvement and quality assessment because there is a certain pressure from the market and from health insurance laws in various countries. Nevertheless, researchers as well as clinicians or administrators are rarely informed on ongoing projects. To register projects in quality research, an Internet-based information system was established to register projects on quality of medical institutions.

[Possible future of the project for quality assurance of indications and outcome in interventional cardiology and gynecology].

In the last few years the basis for national guidelines for the indications of coronary angiography, coronary revascularisation and hysterectomy has been established. The guidelines have been published and are accessible to medical doctors and patients on the Internet using a database system called "Second Opinion System": http:/(/)sos.inf.

Percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy feeding tubes: a retrospective review at Auckland Hospital 1993-4.

Aims: A retrospective review of patients being treated by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) at Auckland Hospital from 1993-4 was undertaken in order to determine patient characteristics, clinical outcome and to compare these results with published series.

Methods: The case notes of all patients having PEGs performed in the Auckland Hospital gastroenterology unit during the defined period were reviewed. Demographic details, indications, morbidity and mortality data were obtained.

The Neuro-Sensory Motor Developmental Assessment Part II: Predictive and Concurrent Validity.

The Neuro-sensory Motor Developmental Assessment (NSMDA) has been developed to meet the need for a progressive evaluation of infants and children. The content and administration of the NSMDA has been addressed in Part One of this paper. In this study the NSMDA was used to assess a cohort of 148 preterm infants at 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 months.

The Neuro-sensory Motor Developmental Assessment Part 1: Development and Administration of the Test.

The Neuro-sensory Motor Developmental Assessment (NSMDA) has been developed to meet the need for a progressive developmental assessment of infants and children. In this study a cohort of 148 preterm infants was assessed at 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 months adjusted age. The results were used to classify the subjects as having normal, suspect or abnormal developmental status.

Influence of an interpolated non-related motor task on short- and long-term memory learning and retention of a gross motor skill.

A control group of young men (N = 28) continuously practiced climbing a free-standing ladder for 20 1-min. "trials" separated by 1-min. rests; after a 1-wk.