Comparison of complete blood count parameters in different severity of proteinuria among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Proteinuria is a key indicator of kidney damage in diabetic nephropathy, and its severity correlates with the progression of the disease. In diabetic patients, it is crucial to identify reliable predictors for proteinuria and its severity for early detection and management of kidney damage.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 16, 2022, to May 20, 2023, on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were outpatients at clinics of Shahid Modarres Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

The evolving role of MRI in the detection of extrathyroidal extension of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the predominant form of thyroid cancer, and the presence of extrathyroidal extension (ETE) significantly impacts treatment decisions and prognosis. Accurate preoperative detection of ETE remains challenging, highlighting the need to evaluate advanced imaging techniques.This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting extrathyroidal extension (ETE) among patients diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Global Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Updated Review Meta-Analysis comprising a Population of 78 million from 38 Countries.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health challenge, with a rising rate in line with other metabolic diseases. We aimed to assess the global prevalence of NAFLD in adult and pediatric populations.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were systematically searched up to May 2023.

Dynamics for High-Sensitivity Detection of Free Radicals in Primary Bronchial Epithelial Cells upon Stimulation with Cigarette Smoke Extract.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the third leading cause of death worldwide, is caused by chronic exposure to toxic particles and gases, such as cigarette smoke. Free radicals, which are produced during a stress response to toxic particles, play a crucial role in disease progression. Measuring these radicals is difficult since the complex mixture of chemicals within cigarette smoke interferes with radical detection.

A bioelectronic device for electric field treatment of wounds reduces inflammation in an in vivo mouse model.

Electrical signaling plays a crucial role in the cellular response to tissue injury in wound healing and an external electric field (EF) may expedite the healing process. Here, we have developed a standalone, wearable, and programmable electronic device to administer a well-controlled exogenous EF, aiming to accelerate wound healing in an in vivo mouse model to provide pre-clinical evidence. We monitored the healing process by assessing the re-epithelization rate and the ratio of M1/M2 macrophage phenotypes through histology staining.

Can modulation of gut microbiota affect anthropometric indices in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? An umbrella meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background And Aim: Modulating the gut microbiota population by administration of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics has shown to have a variety of health benefits in different populations, particularly those with metabolic disorders. Although the promising effects of these compounds have been observed in the management of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the exact effects and the mechanisms of action are yet to be understood. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate how gut microbiota modulation affects anthropometric indices of NAFLD patients to achieve a comprehensive summary of current evidence-based knowledge.

Uniform Selection And Representation Matching: A Framework For Classifying Wound Healing Stage.

We propose the Uniform Selection and Representation Matching framework, an image classification framework that leverages co-teaching, contrastive learning, representation matching, and uniform selection to perform accurate wound stage classification with limited and noisy-labeled data. Given that descriptors of wound stages are under-specified, making accurate recognition difficult, images that generate low classification confidence are identified using an entropy-based selection process. Pseudo-labels are assigned to the low-confidence images through the representation matching process, where images are embedded into latent space and labels are assigned through majority voting.

The association between various viral infections and multiple sclerosis: An umbrella review on systematic review and meta-analysis.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the immune-mediated demyelinating disorders. Multiple components, including the environment and genetics, are possible factors in the pathogenesis of MS. Also, it can be said that infections are a key component of the host's response to MS development.

Association between smoking and colorectal cancer in Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO): A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Smoking poses a significant risk for colorectal cancer (CRC), considered the third leading reason for cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, there has been limited research on the relationship between smoking and CRC in the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO). Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to combine available data and gain a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between smoking and CRC in EMRO.

Toward metacognition: subject-aware contrastive deep fusion representation learning for EEG analysis.

We propose a subject-aware contrastive learning deep fusion neural network framework for effectively classifying subjects' confidence levels in the perception of visual stimuli. The framework, called WaveFusion, is composed of lightweight convolutional neural networks for per-lead time-frequency analysis and an attention network for integrating the lightweight modalities for final prediction. To facilitate the training of WaveFusion, we incorporate a subject-aware contrastive learning approach by taking advantage of the heterogeneity within a multi-subject electroencephalogram dataset to boost representation learning and classification accuracy.

Architectural Design Qualities of an Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital to Benefit Patients and Staff.

Objectives: This study is focused on how architectural design of adolescent psychiatric hospitals could positively affect not only patients but also staff members working at the hospitals.

Background: Adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 are among the young population with the highest percentage of mental illness. However, there are limited number of intentionally designed psychiatric hospitals for adolescents.

The dysfunction of natural killer cells is essential for the development of type 1 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells by immune cells. In general, environmental and genetic factors can lead to immunological self-tolerance in TID. It is clear that the innate immune system, especially natural killer (NK) cells, is involved in the pathogenesis of T1D.

Screening of lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from Iranian traditional dairy products for GABA production and optimization by response surface methodology.

A total of 50 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates from Iranian traditional dairy products (Motal and Lighvan cheeses, and artisanal yogurt) were screened for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production. Firstly, a rapid colorimetric test was performed to evaluate the glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity among the LAB isolates examined. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was then performed on selected strains to identify isolates with high/moderate GABA producing capacity, and a GABase micro-titer plate assay was employed to quantify GABA.

Intergenerational Day Centers: A New Wave in Adult and Child Day Care.

Intergenerational Day Centers (IDCs) are an innovation that addresses two important societal challenges, the continuing need for childcare and the emerging demand for older-adult supportive services that help them remain independent in their homes. These facilities provide care, and specialized resources and activities for both older adults and children in one location. While the importance and benefits of these programs have been proven, there is scant information in the literature and best-practice guidelines on the planning and development of these programs.

Intracellular Relaxometry, Challenges, and Future Directions.

Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers change their optical properties on the basis of their magnetic surroundings. Since optical signals can be detected more sensitively than small magnetic signals, this technique allows unprecedented sensitivity. Recently, NV center-based relaxometry has been used for measurements in living cells with subcellular resolution.

Designing Intergenerational Spaces: What to Learn From Children.

Objectives: Adopting recommendations of the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, this study addresses the value of children's input on the architectural design of the built environment of intergenerational shared sites and the intergenerational interactions that took place there.

Background: Intergenerational programs bring children and older adults together, inviting them to interact, exchange ideas and support each other. Most intergenerational programs are planned by staff and often take place in a multipurpose room without direct input from child or older adult participants.

The Dopamine Assisted Synthesis of MoO/Carbon Electrodes With Enhanced Capacitance in Aqueous Electrolyte.

A capacitance increase phenomenon is observed for MoO electrodes synthesized a sol-gel process in the presence of dopamine hydrochloride (Dopa HCl) as compared to α-MoO electrodes in 5M ZnCl aqueous electrolyte. The synthesis approach is based on a hydrogen peroxide-initiated sol-gel reaction to which the Dopa HCl is added. The powder precursor (Dopa)MoO, is isolated from the metastable gel using freeze-drying.

Effect of the temperature of sodium hypochlorite on the cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper Gold rotary files.

Background: Instrument fracture is one of major challenges during root canal treatment. In order to reduce such errors, it seems necessary to investigate the effects of potentially impactful factors. One of such factors could be the temperature of an agitator.

An Effective Deep Learning Framework for Cell Segmentation in Microscopy Images.

Cell segmentation is a common step in cell behavior analysis. Reliably and automatically segmenting cells in microscopy images remains challenging, especially in differential inference contrast microscopy images and phase-contrast microscopy images. In this paper, we propose a deep learning solution combining a Mask RCNN architecture with Shape-Aware Loss to produce cell instance segmentation.

WaveFusion Squeeze-and-Excitation: Towards an Accurate and Explainable Deep Learning Framework in Neuroscience.

We introduce WaveFusion Squeeze-and-Excite, a multi-modal deep fusion architecture, as a practical and effective framework for classifying and localizing neurological events. WaveFusion SE is composed of lightweight CNNs for per-lead time-frequency analysis and an attention network called squeeze and excitation network with a temperature factor for effectively integrating lightweight modalities for final prediction. Our proposed architecture demonstrates high accuracy in classifying subjects' anxiety levels with an overall accuracy of 97.