A scoping review of the reporting quality of reviews of commercially and publicly available mobile health apps.

Objectives: There is no guidance to support the reporting of systematic reviews of mobile health (mhealth) apps (app reviews), so authors attempt to use/modify the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). There is a need for reporting guidance, building on PRISMA where appropriate, tailored to app reviews. The objectives were to describe the reporting quality of published mHealth app reviews, identify the need for, and develop potential candidate items for a reporting guideline.

Prognostic significance of anti-gliadin and anti-F-actin IgA antibodies in primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Introduction: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a biliary disorder associated with a high risk of end-stage liver disease and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Currently prediction of the unfavorable outcomes is hindered by the lack of valuable prognostic biomarkers.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of the autoantibodies in PSC and define their potential use as the predictors of progressive disease and CCA in a large, prospective cohort of PSC patients.

The association between delirium and falls in older adults in the community: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Systematically review and critically appraise the evidence for the association between delirium and falls in community-dwelling adults aged ≥60 years.

Methods: We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews databases in April 2023. Standard methods were used to screen, extract data, assess risk of bias (using Newcastle-Ottawa scale), provide a narrative synthesis and, where appropriate, conduct meta-analysis.

Opportunities for nurses aspiring to or undertaking clinical academic development globally: protocol for a scoping review.

Introduction: Nurse researchers often lack awareness of how to start a clinical academic research career and often lack clear entry routes. This scoping review aims to identify the range and nature of clinical academic opportunities available for nurses. This will also identify the knowledge gaps and provide the basis for future research.

Initiating continuous glucose monitoring is associated with improvements in glycemic control and reduced health care resource utilization for people with diabetes in a large US-insured population: A real-world evidence study.

Objective: To examine the real-world impact of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use on glycemic management and health care resource utilization (HCRU) in people with diabetes in a large US-insured population.

Methods: This retrospective observational study used Aetna administrative claims data from a cohort of fully insured commercial and Medicare Advantage beneficiaries with diabetes and with coverage for medical and pharmacy benefits. The index date was the first CGM pharmacy or medical claim observed between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2021.

Cost-Utility of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring versus Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in People with Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes in Spain.

Objective: Management of advanced type 2 diabetes (T2D) typically involves daily insulin therapy alongside frequent blood glucose monitoring, as treatments such as oral antidiabetic agents are therapeutically insufficient. Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rt-CGM) has been shown to facilitate greater reductions in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and improvements in patient satisfaction relative to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). This study aimed to investigate the cost-utility of rt-CGM versus SMBG in Spanish patients with insulin-treated T2D.

Utilizing both IgA tissue transglutaminase and IgG-deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies offers accurate celiac disease diagnosis without duodenal biopsy.

Background: Gastroenterologists still raise concerns about adopting a non-biopsy strategy for diagnosing celiac disease (CeD) in adults.

Aim: To assess the performance of the concurrent detection of two autoantibodies targeting two independent antigens, tissue transglutaminase (tTG) and deamidated gliadin peptides (DGP).

Methods: This prospective, multicenter, binational study collected consecutive patients with a high pre-test probability for CeD.

Anesthesiologists and Capital Punishment.

Physician professional organizations in all Western countries consistently hold that it is unethical for physicians to participate in judicial executions. Physician participation in capital punishment is of particular concern for anesthesiologists, who have been identified by the courts as ideal candidates to participate in executions, particularly lethal injection executions. Arguments in favor of participation are based on flawed interpretations of the ethical principle of double-effect, mistaken analogies with physician aid-in-dying, and ignore evidence of prisoner suffering in the execution process.

Writing the Roadmap for Medical Practice: Ethics of Medical Authorship.

The medical literature guides ethical clinical care by providing information on medical innovations, clinical care, the history of medical advances, explanations for past mistakes and inspiration for future discoveries. Ethical authorship practices are thus imperative to preserving the integrity of medical publications and fulfilling our obligations to ethical patient care. Unethical authorship practices such as plagiarism, guest authorship, and ghost authorship are increasing and pose serious threats to the medical literature.

Diagnostic reasoning and cognitive error in emergency medicine: Implications for teaching and learning.

Background: Accurate diagnosis in emergency medicine (EM) is high stakes and challenging. Research into physicians' clinical reasoning has been ongoing since the late 1970s. The dual-process theory has established itself as a valid model, including in EM.

Risk of hypoglycaemia among people with type 2 diabetes not treated with insulin: A retrospective analysis of Medicare Advantage beneficiaries.

Aims: In 2022, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services released proposed changes to Medicare's continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) coverage policy, making individuals with a history of problematic hypoglycaemia eligible for CGM coverage, irrespective of insulin use. This study estimated the burden of hypoglycaemia in Medicare Advantage beneficiaries with noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analysed US healthcare claims data using Optum's deidentified Clinformatics® database.

Stronger Together: A Successful Model of Health System-Community Collective Action During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Discontinuity between health care delivery systems and community-based organizations is a significant barrier to improving population health.

Objective: To describe the facilitators and barriers experienced by a health system-community partnership 15 months after implementation.

Methods: Coalition members who led committees within the coalition or had active, sustained participation in coalition activities were invited to participate.

The efficacy, safety and effectiveness of hyperoncotic albumin solutions in patients with sepsis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Intravenous fluid therapy is a ubiquitous intervention for the management of patients with sepsis, however excessive cumulative fluid balance has been shown to result in worse outcomes. Hyperoncotic albumin is presented in low volumes, is an effective resuscitation fluid and may have effects beyond plasma volume expansion alone. This systematic review aimed to assess the efficacy, safety and effectiveness of hyperoncotic albumin solutions in the management of sepsis.

The acute effect of time-restricted feeding (12 & 16 h) and varying exercise intensities on fat-oxidation rate in inactive young adults - a randomized control trial.

Background And Purpose: Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a dietary pattern that alternates between periods of fasting and feeding, which has gained significant attention in recent years. The 16/8 approach consists of fasting for 16 h and feeding for an 8-h window, while the 12/12 method consists of fasting for 12 h and a 12-h feeding window. Limited research exists comparing the effects of these methods coupled with physical activity (PA).

Ambiguity potentiates effects of loneliness on feelings of rejection.

For social species, having strong and high-quality social relationships is an important safety cue. Loneliness occurs when an individual perceives they have insufficient relationships resulting in feelings of lack of safety. States of perceived unsafety are linked to an increased tendency to construe ambiguous information - information lacking a unique clear interpretation - as threatening.

Conscientious Objection.

Physicians may under some circumstances decline to provide a clinical service that is within accepted medical standards due to a deeply held moral belief that to do so would be wrong. Conscience objection in medicine is legally protected, but ethically limited by physician obligations to put patient interests first. Accommodation to conscientious objections, when possible, recognizes the diverse moral perspectives and benefits for both the objectors and the profession as a whole.

Ethics of Preanesthesia Mandatory Laboratory Testing.

Some practices require mandatory preoperative laboratory testing for select patients presenting for anesthesia and surgery. Such mandatory preanesthesia laboratory testing has significant ethical implications related to informed consent and patient autonomy. Assumptions that a patient provides "presumed consent" by merely presenting for a test are flawed because such consents are often not informed and do not acknowledge patient autonomy.

The impact of physical activity and exercise interventions on symptoms for women experiencing menopause: overview of reviews.

Background: Women experiencing problematic menopausal symptoms report lower health-related quality of life and greater healthcare use than women without symptoms. Not all women want to or are able to take hormone replacement therapy. Strengthening the evidence for menopause symptom-management options, including physical activity, improves agency for women.

Reporting quality of published reviews of commercial and publicly available mobile health apps (mHealth app reviews): a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Reviews of commercial and publicly available smartphone (mobile) health applications (mHealth app reviews) are being undertaken and published. However, there is variation in the conduct and reporting of mHealth app reviews, with no existing reporting guidelines. Building on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we aim to develop the Consensus for APP Review Reporting Items (CAPPRRI) guidance, to support the conduct and reporting of mHealth app reviews.

Publication guidelines for human heart rate and heart rate variability studies in psychophysiology-Part 1: Physiological underpinnings and foundations of measurement.

This Committee Report provides methodological, interpretive, and reporting guidance for researchers who use measures of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in psychophysiological research. We provide brief summaries of best practices in measuring HR and HRV via electrocardiographic and photoplethysmographic signals in laboratory, field (ambulatory), and brain-imaging contexts to address research questions incorporating measures of HR and HRV. The Report emphasizes evidence for the strengths and weaknesses of different recording and derivation methods for measures of HR and HRV.