Detecting DSM-5 Opioid and Methamphetamine Use Disorders With the UNCOPE Screen.

Background: The most recent wave of the opioid epidemic has contributed to record number of drug overdoses. Most fatal outcomes are associated with opioids and methamphetamine; two substances that tend to be used at high rates among criminal justice populations. Despite the steady rise in the number of overdoses in local detention centers, many correctional facilities do not conduct routine screens for opioid and methamphetamine use disorders.

Mental Health Conditions, Substance Use Disorders, and Jail Readmission in Four Rural Counties.

Most jails are in rural areas, and many adults who pass through these facilities experience behavioral health needs. Evidence suggests mental health conditions (MHCs) and substance use disorders (SUDs) may be linked to an increased risk for jail readmission, but most work documenting this relationship uses vague measures, outdated diagnostic information, has been conducted in large metropolitan jails, or has demonstrated significant variability between facilities. This multisite study examined the associations between specific MHCs, SUDs, and jail readmission among 675 adults from four rural jails.

An Ultra-Brief 2-Item Depression Screening Tool for Correctional Populations.

Although a number of depression screening instruments exist for use primarily in community mental health and medical settings, few have been validated on correctional populations. This study sought to examine the clinical utility of six different 2-item pairs in identifying risk for DSM-5 major depressive episode among a sample of county jail inmates. Data for the current report were derived from routine clinical assessments of 283 inmates recently admitted to a county jail.

Posttraumatic stress, panic disorder, violence, and recidivism among local jail detainees.

Purpose: Most research on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and offending has been conducted with special populations (e.g. veterans and female inmates) and generally overlooks the additive effect of panic disorder (PD) in offending patterns.

A prospective study of behavioral health indicators and repeat jail admissions among rural inmates.

Background: Approximately three quarters of a million adults are detained in US jails, and rural detention centers are responsible for the largest recent increases in this population. It is estimated that two thirds of jail inmates meet criteria for a substance use disorder (SUD), nearly half present symptoms consistent with a mental health condition (MHC), and the vast majority of adults in jails have been arrested and booked into these facilities in the past. It is critical to examine the link between SUDs, MHCs, and readmissions to help inform better approaches.

Substance Use Risk Indicators and Offending Patterns Among Local Jail Inmates.

This study examined clinical indicators of adult jail inmates' substance use severity and offending patterns. Clinical assessment and booking data were gathered from a random sample of 283 adult inmates using the Comprehensive Addiction and Psychological Evaluation-5, which is consistent with diagnostic criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Greater substance use risk was associated with increased likelihood of detention for property-related offenses, nonviolent offenses, and multiple jail admissions.

Exposure to Violence and Substance Use Treatment Outcomes Among Female Patients.

Background: Many female substance use patients have experienced violence in the past, with most estimates showing the majority of patients reporting violent experiences at some point. Prior experience with violence has been linked to increased severity of substance use, and this may contribute to more challenges in the path to recovery.

Objectives: Existing research has confounded the timing at which violence has occurred with the type of violence to which patients have been exposed.

The entanglement between relapse and posttreatment criminal justice involvement.

Background: Research has established a connection between substance use and criminal activity, but much less is known about the association between posttreatment relapse and related contact with the criminal justice system.

Objective: The current study was designed to elucidate this relationship by examining the long-term effects of relapse on arrest. The study also investigated the probability of relapse into substance use as it followed an arrest.

The UNCOPE: An effective brief screen for DSM-5 substance use disorders in correctional settings.

This study examines the clinical utility of the UNCOPE (Hoffmann, Hunt, Rhodes, & Riley, 2003), a brief 6-item screen that has been validated on a number of criminal justice involved populations (i.e., state prison and county jail inmates, recent arrestees, and juvenile offenders), in identifying risk for DSM-5 substance use disorders (SUDs) among a large sample of state prison inmates.

Diagnostic Concordance between DSM-5 and ICD-10 Cannabis Use Disorders.

Objectives: With the recent federal mandate that all U.S. health care settings transition to ICD-10 billing codes, empirical evidence is necessary to determine if the DSM-5 designations map to their respective ICD-10 diagnostic categories/billing codes.

Pathways to rearrest among court mandated female substance use treatment patients.

Background And Objectives: Many women who experience substance dependence come into contact with the criminal justice system and are mandated by the court to enter treatment. Treatment is a viable option and can have many positive outcomes, but there remains significant room for improvement. This study was designed to identify key risk factors that can be addressed to improve substance use treatment outcomes for this population.

Predictors of patient retention in methadone maintenance treatment.

This study sought to determine whether select pretreatment demographic and in-treatment clinical variables predict premature treatment discharge at 6 and 12 months among patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Data were abstracted from electronic medical records for 1,644 patients with an average age of 34.7 years (SD = 11.

How well do the DSM-5 alcohol use disorder designations map to the ICD-10 disorders?

Background: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th edition (ICD-10), both establish diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorders. The dimensional severity perspective provided by the DSM-5 may overlap in important ways but also may diverge from the categorical harmful use versus dependence designations presented by the ICD-10. It is especially important to consider the convergence of these 2 diagnostic approaches as the DSM is widely used by clinicians, but the U.

Cocaine use disorder prevalence: From current DSM-IV to proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria with both a two and three severity level classification system.

This article presents a secondary analysis from a study investigating the compatibility of the current DSM-IV and previously proposed DSM-5 cocaine use disorder (CUD) criteria (S. L. Proctor, A.

Alcohol use disorder diagnoses in the criminal justice system: an analysis of the compatibility of current DSM-IV, proposed DSM-5.0, and DSM-5.1 diagnostic criteria in a correctional sample.

This study explored the compatibility between the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR) diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse and dependence with the initial (DSM-5.

Prevalence of substance use and psychiatric disorders in a highly select chronic pain population.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of self-reported substance use and psychiatric disorders in a highly select chronic nonmalignant pain population within a nonprimary care tertiary referral-only pain clinic.

Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was accomplished via existing medical record review for 216 consecutive pain patients presenting to an independent neurodiagnostic clinic located in the southeastern United States, specializing in chronic, severe, and complex industrial injuries (e.g.

An assessment of the compatibility of DSM-IV and proposed DSM-5 criteria in the diagnosis of cannabis use disorders.

The current study used an automated version of the substance use disorder diagnostic schedule-IV (SUDDS-IV) to assess DSM-IV (fourth edition of the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders) and two sets of proposed DSM-5 (fifth edition of the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders) cannabis use disorder criteria among adult prison inmates in the Minnesota Department of Corrections state prison system from 2000 to 2003. Initially proposed DSM-5 criteria had only two diagnostic designations (moderate and severe). A subsequent revision added a mild designation and required a greater number of positive findings for the severe diagnosis.

A brief alternative for identifying alcohol use disorders.

This study sought to evaluate the clinical utility of a brief assessment interview in accurately classifying inmates manifesting an alcohol use disorder (AUD) based on a structured diagnostic assessment interview. Data were derived from routine clinical assessments of 7,672 inmates (89.6% male) incarcerated in the Minnesota Department of Corrections state prison system.

Compatibility of current DSM-IV and proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for cocaine use disorders.

Objectives: The present study examined the compatibility of the current DSM-IV and proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for cocaine use disorders (CUD) among state prison inmates, and evaluated the diagnostic utility of the proposed criteria in accounting for DSM-IV "diagnostic orphans" (i.e., individuals who meet one or two of the diagnostic criteria for substance dependence yet fail to report indications of substance abuse).

Pragmatic determination and correlates of victimization among female adolescents presenting for residential addictions treatment.

This study sought to determine whether a structured diagnostic interview using a direct questioning strategy administered at admission to a residential addictions treatment program could identify the nature and extent of victimization and relationships of victimization to co-occurring mental health conditions relatively early in the treatment process. Interview data from 198 consecutive admissions of female adolescents were analyzed. Results revealed that 85% of participants reported victimization (i.

The effectiveness of interactive journaling in reducing recidivism among substance-dependent jail inmates.

The present study sought to evaluate the influence of interactive journaling on criminal recidivism and identify significant predictors of recidivism among a sample of 183 male inmates incarcerated in a local jail facility randomly assigned to either an interactive journaling condition or a control group. All participants met DSM-IV-TR criteria for substance dependence, had their current offense indicate substance involvement, and had a minimum of one previous arrest in the prior 12 months. The recidivism rate (51%), in terms of subsequent bookings within a 12-month period, for the journaling group was significantly lower than the recidivism rate (66%) for the control group, χ(2)(1, 183) = 4.

Alcohol dependence: international policy implications for prison populations.

Background: In light of the emphasis on drug abuse, this study explored the relative prevalence of substance use disorders among United Kingdom (UK) prison inmates in the context of findings from a general inmate population in the United States (US). The lead author of the report conducted a structured diagnostic interview with 155 new admissions to one of two prisons in the UK using the CAAPE (Comprehensive Addiction And Psychological Evaluation), a structured diagnostic interview, to ensure consistent assessments. The US sample consisted of 6,881 male inmates in a state prison system evaluated with an automated version of the SUDDS-IV (Substance Use Disorder Diagnostic Schedule-IV) interview.

Psychobehavioral risk factors, substance treatment engagement and clinical outcomes as predictors of emergency department use and medical hospitalization.

Objective: Prior research on health care utilization after treatment for substance misuse disorders has not accounted for posttreatment clinical outcomes as well as putative confounds associated with both substance use and health care. This study examined the association of posttreatment health care utilization with treatment factors (program type and time in treatment) and baseline psychological/behavioral risk factors (smoking status and level of depressive, alcohol and drug dependence symptoms). The study also examined whether posttreatment clinical outcomes-participation in aftercare, Alcoholic Anonymous (AA) attendance, substance use, depressive symptoms and smoking- were associated with subsequent health care utilization.

Prevalence of co-occurring disorders among juveniles committed to detention centers.

The Practical Adolescent Diagnostic Interview (PADDI), a structured diagnostic interview designed to gather basic information about substance use disorders, mental health conditions, and related experiences, was used in routine evaluation of all adolescents committed to two juvenile detention centers. Anonymous data from 252 consecutively admitted adolescents were analyzed to assess the prevalence and severity of problem areas and to provide a preliminary exploration of interrelationships among those problems. Results demonstrated that a majority of adolescents manifested multiple problems.

Indentifying co-occurring disorders in adolescent population.

A structured diagnostic interview (Practical Adolescent Diagnostic Interview) designed to gather basic information about substance use disorders, other mental health conditions, and related experiences was used in a variety of clinical settings. Anonymous data from 279 adolescents interviewed as part of routine clinical assessments in a variety of clinical programs were analyzed to assess the ability of the questions to identify potential problem areas and to provide a preliminary exploration of interrelationships between those problems. Results demonstrated that the vast majority of individuals manifested indications of multiple problems.