The Helicobacter pylori infection alters the intercellular junctions on the pancreas of gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus).

Helicobacter pylori is a common resident in the stomach of at least half of the world's population and recent evidence suggest its emergence in other organs such as the pancreas. In this organ, the presence of H. pylori DNA has been reported in cats, although the functional implications remain unknown.

Dysbiosis by Eradication of Infection Associated with Follicular Gastropathy and Pangastropathy.

Dysbiosis plays an important role in the development of bacterial infections in the gastric mucosa, particularly . The international guidelines for the treatment of infections suggest standard triple therapy (STT). Nevertheless, because of the increasing resistance rates to clarithromycin, metronidazole has been widely considered in several countries.

Mechanisms and Applications of Citral's Antimicrobial Properties in Food Preservation and Pharmaceuticals Formulations.

Citral is a monoterpene constituted by two isomers known as neral and geranial. It is present in different plant sources and recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In recent years, investigations have demonstrated that this compound exhibited several biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antibiofilm, antiparasitic, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, by in vitro and in vivo assays.

HP0953 - hypothetical virulence factor overexpresion and localization during infection of gastric epithelium.

Background: The high prevalence and persistence of () infection, as well as the diversity of pathologies related to it, suggest that the virulence factors used by this microorganism are varied. Moreover, as its proteome contains 340 hypothetical proteins, it is important to investigate them to completely understand the mechanisms of its virulence and survival. We have previously reported that the hypothetical protein HP0953 is overexpressed during the first hours of adhesion to inert surfaces, under stress conditions, suggesting its role in the environmental survival of this bacterium and perhaps as a virulence factor.

New Variants of Pseudomonas High-Risk Clone ST233 Associated with an Outbreak in a Mexican Paediatric Hospital.

Recent multidrug resistance in has favoured the adaptation and dissemination of worldwide high-risk strains. In June 2018, 15 strains isolated from patients and a contaminated multi-dose meropenem vial were characterized to assess their association to an outbreak in a Mexican paediatric hospital. The strains were characterized by antibiotic susceptibility profiling, virulence factors' production, and biofilm formation.

Nucleotide substitutions in the mexR, nalC and nalD regulator genes of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump are maintained in Pseudomonas aeruginosa genetic lineages.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa has different resistant mechanisms including the constitutive MexAB-OprM efflux pump. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the mexR, nalC, and nalD repressors of this efflux pump can contribute to antimicrobial resistance; however, it is unknown whether these changes are mainly related to genetic lineages or environmental pressure. This study identifies SNPs in the mexR, nalC, and nalD genes in clinical and environmental isolates of P.

Genomic characterization of two bacteriophages (vB_EcoS-phiEc3 and vB_EcoS-phiEc4) belonging to the genus Kagunavirus with lytic activity against uropathogenic Escherichia coli.

In this study, the genomes of two lytic bacteriophages, vB_EcoS-phiEc3 and vB_EcoS-phiEc4, were sequenced and characterized using bioinformatics approaches. Whole-genome analysis showed that both phages belonged to the Kagunavirus genus, Guernseyvirinae subfamily and Siphoviridae family. Moreover, their genomes had 45, 288 bp and 44,540 bp, and G + C content of 48.

Role of and Other Environmental Factors in the Development of Gastric Dysbiosis.

Microbiomes are defined as complex microbial communities, which are mainly composed of bacteria, fungi, and viruses residing in diverse regions of the human body. The human stomach consists of a unique and heterogeneous habitat of microbial communities owing to its anatomical and functional characteristics, that allow the optimal growth of characteristic bacteria in this environment. Gastric dysbiosis, which is defined as compositional and functional alterations of the gastric microbiota, can be induced by multiple environmental factors, such as age, diet, multiple antibiotic therapies, proton pump inhibitor abuse, status, among others.

Outer Membrane Vesicles of Gram-Negative Bacteria: An Outlook on Biogenesis.

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Gram-negative bacteria were first described more than 50 years ago. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in biogenesis began to be studied only in the last few decades. Presently, the biogenesis and molecular mechanisms for their release are not completely known.

Differential Expression of the System by Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 in Commensal and Clinical Isolates.

The three-component system senses and responds to cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs), which induces the expression of the operon and the genes and , modifying the surface net charge in , resulting in the repulsion of CAMPs. The system has been only studied in the 1457 strain, and there are no studies of prevalence and level of expression of in commensal and clinical isolates. From 60 isolates, those selected from commensal healthy skin (n = 20), commensal healthy conjunctive (n = 10), and clinical ocular infection (n = 30) presented the , and genes in their genomes.

Antibacterial mechanism of gold nanoparticles on Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a causal agent of otitis media, pneumonia, meningitis and severe cases of septicemia. This human pathogen infects elderly people and children with a high mortality rate of approximately one million deaths per year worldwide. Antibiotic-resistance of S.

Differential expression of miRNA-146a and miRNA-155 in gastritis induced by Helicobacter pylori infection in paediatric patients, adults, and an animal model.

Background: Helicobacter pylori is a major aetiologic agent associated with gastritis. H. pylori infections increase the expression of the Toll-like receptor (TLR), which in turn modulates the expression of microRNA (miRNA)-146a and miRNA-155.

Changes in biofilm in chronic cholesteatomatous otitis media in children following the application of sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNA).

Background: Pediatric cholesteatoma is a clinically challenging disease entity. Its biological behavior in the pediatric population differs from its behavior in adult population in terms of aggressiveness and recurrence. Several studies have shown the presence of biofilms associated with cholesteatoma that hinder the management and eradication of the infection.

Identification of extensive drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains: New clone ST1725 and high-risk clone ST233.

Several microorganisms produce nosocomial infections (NIs), among which Pseudomonas aeruginosa stands out as an opportunist pathogen with the capacity to develop multiresistance to first-choice antibiotics. From 2007 to 2013, forty-six NIs produced by P. aeruginosa were detected at a pediatric tertiary care hospital in Mexico with a significant mortality rate (17.

Presence of environmental coagulase-positive staphylococci, their clonal relationship, resistance factors and ability to form biofilm.

Coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) are opportunistic pathogens carrying various mechanisms of resistance that have a large number of virulence factors, and whose ability to induce illness is associated with the host. This study aimed to investigate the presence of environmental coagulase-positive staphylococci, their susceptibility profile, clonal relationship and ability to form biofilm. The 16S rRNA genes from CoPS isolates were analyzed, and their antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated using the agar dilution method in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.

Diversification of the and Strains of in .

The bacterium exhibits great genetic diversity, and the pathogenic roles of its virulence factors have been widely studied. However, the evolutionary dynamics of strains during stomach colonization are not well-characterized. Here, we analyzed the microevolutionary dynamics of the toxigenic strain , the non-toxigenic strain , and a combination of both strains in an animal model over time.

Vancomycin modifies the expression of the agr system in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.

Unlabelled: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that colonizes human hosts and causes a wide variety of diseases. Two interacting regulatory systems called agr (accessory gene regulator) and sar (staphylococcal accessory regulator) are involved in the regulation of virulence factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vancomycin on hld and spa gene expression during the exponential and post-exponential growth phases in multidrug-resistant (MDR) S.

Inclusion bodies and pH lowering: as an effect of gold nanoparticles in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a human pathogen whose principal virulence factor is its capsule. This structure allows the bacterium to evade the human immune system. Treatment of infections caused by this bacterium is based on antibiotics; however, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains makes this task increasingly difficult.

Plasticity Region Genes jhp0940, jhp0945, jhp0947, and jhp0949 of Helicobacter pylori in Isolates from Mexican Children.

Background: The genes jhp0940, jhp0945, jhp0947, and jhp0949 belong to the plasticity region of the Helicobacter pylori genome. Due to their prevalence in isolates from patients with gastritis, duodenal ulcer, and gastric cancer, they have been proposed as markers of gastroduodenal diseases. These genes are associated with pro-inflammatory cytokine induction through the NF-κB activation pathway.

Prevalence and genotypes of the adenovirus infection as well detection of co-infection with bocavirus in Mexican immunosuppressed and non-immunosuppressed children with pneumonia.

Background: Adenovirus (AdV) causes respiratory infection; recent observations suggest that some subtypes have more ability to develop fatal disease. AdV infection has been associated with co-infection with human bocavirus (HBoV). We analysed the frequency of AdV infection, its subtypes and the presence of co-infection with HBoV, as well the clinical characteristics of such co-infection in Mexican paediatric immunosuppressed (IP) and non-immunosuppressed patients (non-IP) diagnosed with pneumonia.

Detection and gB genotyping of CMV in Mexican preterm infants in the context of maternal seropositivity.

Introduction: Congenital (CI) and perinatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections (PI) can be linked to maternal CMV seropositivity, with fatal consequences in preterm newborns. GB genotyping has been used to analyze genotypic similarity in mothers and infants. The frequency of CMV infection in the context of maternal seropositivity and the viral gB genotypes as well as the genotypic similarity in mothers and preterm infants were investigated.

Amphypterygium adstringens anacardic acid mixture inhibits quorum sensing-controlled virulence factors of Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Background And Aims: Quorum sensing (QS) is a process of bacterial cell-cell communication that controls a large number of systems affecting pathogenicity. Interrupting this communication system can provide nonvirulent pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS) potential of an anacardic acids mixture isolated from Amphipterygium adstringens, a medicinal plant known as "cuachalalate", to prevent the onset of bacterial infections as an alternate to antibiotics.

Helicobacter pylori secretes the chaperonin GroEL (HSP60), which binds iron.

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that can use multiple iron sources. However, it is unknown whether this bacterium secretes molecules such as siderophores or haemophores to scavenge iron. Here, we report the first secreted iron-binding protein of H.