and abnormalities in childhood hematological malignancies other than B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Rearrangements and overexpression of are hallmarks of poor outcomes in -like B-ALL, and overexpression is a high-risk marker in T-ALL. However, alterations in pediatric hematologic malignancies other than B-ALL have not been reported. In this study, we analyzed the overexpression, rearrangements ( and ), activation (pSTAT5 and pERK), and the expression of dominant-negative isoforms (Ik6 and Ik8), implied in dysregulation, in 16 pediatric patients (AML,  = 9; T-ALL,  = 3; LBL,  = 2; HL,  = 1; cytopenia,  = 1).

Evidence of spatial clustering of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases in Greater Mexico City: report from the Mexican Inter-Institutional Group for the identification of the causes of childhood leukemia.

Background: A heterogeneous geographic distribution of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases has been described, possibly, related to the presence of different environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to explore the geographical distribution of childhood ALL cases in Greater Mexico City (GMC).

Methods: A population-based case-control study was conducted.

Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes: phenotype as a tool for early diagnostic suspicion at a major reference center in Mexico.

The inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFSs) are a group of rare disorders characterized by bone marrow failure (BMF), physical abnormalities, and an increased risk of neoplasia. The National Institute of Pediatrics (INP) is a major medical institution in Mexico, where patients with BMF receive a complete approach that includes paraclinical tests. Readily recognizable features, such as the hematological and distinctive physical phenotypes, identified by clinical dysmorphologists, remain crucial for the diagnosis and management of these patients, particularly in circumstances where next-generation sequencing (NGS) is not easily available.

North American Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm Consortium: position on standards of care and areas of need.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare hematologic malignancy with historically poor outcomes and no worldwide consensus treatment approach. Unique among most hematologic malignancies for its frequent cutaneous involvement, BPDCN can also invade other extramedullary compartments, including the central nervous system. Generally affecting older adults, many patients are unfit to receive intensive chemotherapy, and although hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is preferred for younger, fit individuals, not all are eligible.

Persistently high incidence rates of childhood acute leukemias from 2010 to 2017 in Mexico City: A population study from the MIGICCL.

Introduction: Over the years, the Hispanic population living in the United States has consistently shown high incidence rates of childhood acute leukemias (AL). Similarly, high AL incidence was previously observed in Mexico City (MC). Here, we estimated the AL incidence rates among children under 15 years of age in MC during the period 2010-2017.

Blood cytology in children with down syndrome.

Introduction: Down syndrome is associated with various congenital anomalies and metabolic alterations such as hematological alterations. Values for the major hematological indicators vary with age and sex, but these values have not been described for Mexican children with Down syndrome.

Objective: To describe the complete blood count (CBC) values of pediatric patients with Down syndrome in México and report the most common non-malignant hematological alterations.

Bilateral Ischemic Retinopathy Associated With Upshaw-Schulman Syndrome: A Case Report.

Purpose: This is the first report to our knowledge of ischemic retinopathy in a pediatric patient with Upshaw-Schulman syndrome (USS).

Methods: A 6-year-old girl previously diagnosed with USS was referred to our clinic with exodeviation of the left eye and a 2-month-long decrease in vision of both eyes. A dilated fundus examination showed a total vitreous hemorrhage in both eyes.

Primary cutaneous blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm in a child: A challenging diagnosis and management.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and aggressive malignancy of the skin and hematopoietic system. There are few pediatric cases reported in the literature. Management of primary cutaneous BPDCN is challenging because, despite an apparently indolent clinical presentation, rapid dissemination with high mortality can occur.

Variants in ARID5B gene are associated with the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Mexican children.

A high impact of ARID5B SNPs on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) susceptibility has been described in Hispanic children; therefore, it is relevant to know if they influence the high incidence of childhood-ALL in Mexicans. Seven SNPs (rs10821936, rs10994982, rs7089424, rs2393732, rs2393782, rs2893881, rs4948488) of ARID5B were analyzed in 384 controls and 298 ALL children using genomic DNA and TaqMan probes. The SNPs were analyzed for deviation of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; Fisher's exact test was used to compare the genotypic and allelic frequencies between controls and patients.

A greater birthweight increases the risk of acute leukemias in Mexican children-experience from the Mexican Interinstitutional Group for the Identification of the Causes of Childhood Leukemia (MIGICCL).

In Mexico, due to the high rates of diabetes, overweight, and obesity, there has also been noted an increased newborn weight, which may be contributing to the elevated incidence rate of childhood acute leukemia (AL). We conducted a case-control study in public hospitals of Mexico City aimed to know whether a greater weight at birth is associated with a higher risk of developing leukemia. We included incident cases with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) diagnosed between 2010 and 2015.

Parental Exposure to Workplace Carcinogens and the Risk of Development of Acute Leukemia in Infants. Case-Control Study.

Background And Aims: Occupational exposure of parents to carcinogens is of great interest in the etiology of leukemias. Evidence of the impact of such exposure on infants or small children is scarce. Here we estimated whether occupational exposure of parents to carcinogens could be a risk factor for leukemias in their children.

Significance of CASP8AP2 and H2AFZ expression in survival and risk of relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Novel biomarkers for risk refinement and stratification in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are needed to optimize treatment results. We studied the expression of CASP8AP2 and H2AFZ associated with relapse and survival in bone marrow samples from newly diagnosed children with ALL. We found: (a) an increased risk for early relapse in those patients with low expression of CASP8AP2 (odds ratio [OR] 3.

Biology, clinical, and hematologic features of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in children.

To assess the incidence, clinical features at presentation, hematologic, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic characteristics of AMKL in children we prospectively studied 834 consecutive non selected children with newly diagnosed acute leukemia (AL) admitted to the Hematology Department at the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Mexico, D.F. We found 682 cases (81.