Interstitial lung changes and persistent COVID-19 in a patient with follicular lymphoma: A case report.

We herein report a case of interstitial lung changes in a patient with prolonged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with follicular lymphoma receiving rituximab and bendamustine who recovered after treatment with a combination therapy consisting of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents. There is currently no treatment strategy for prolonged pneumonitis following COVID-19, which can be life-threatening for immunocompromised patients. Thus, further investigation is warranted.

CT classification of acute myeloid leukemia with pulmonary infiltration.

Purpose: To characterize and categorize the CT findings of pulmonary leukemic infiltration (PLI) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Materials And Methods: Among 435 patients with AML, 20 patients with PLI were retrospectively selected, and clinical characteristics and CT findings were analyzed. PLI was categorized into four patterns according to CT findings: type A, multiple nodules and/or masses; type B, bilateral perihilar airspace opacities (GGA or consolidation) without any nodules or masses; type C, mixture of type A and B; and type D, PLI without visible abnormal lung opacity.

An analysis of the radiological factors associated with respiratory failure in COVID-19 pneumonia and the CT features among different age categories.

Purpose: To investigate CT patterns of COVID-19 pneumonia associated with respiratory failure (RF) focused on the distribution of lesions.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-five patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were reviewed. CT findings were classified as follows: Type A; patchy ground glass attenuation (GGA) with/without air-space consolidation, Type B; non-segmental GGA with/without air-space consolidation in both the central and peripheral lung portions especially with subpleural spare, and Type C; non-segmental GGA with/without air-space consolidation predominantly distributed in the peripheral lung portion without subpleural spare.

Treatment and relapse of interstitial lung disease in nivolumab-treated patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Nivolumab, a human monoclonal antibody against programmed death-1, is approved for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although nivolumab is generally well tolerated, it can cause interstitial lung disease (ILD), a rare but potentially fatal immune-related adverse event. Currently, there are limited data available on the treatment of nivolumab-induced ILD and its outcome.

Radiographic features and poor prognostic factors of interstitial lung disease with nivolumab for non-small cell lung cancer.

Nivolumab can cause interstitial lung disease (ILD), which may be fatal; however, mortality risk factors have not been identified. This postmarketing study evaluated the poor prognostic factors of ILD in nivolumab-treated patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Japan. Clinical and chest imaging findings for each ILD case were assessed by an expert central review committee, and prognosis was evaluated by radiographic findings, including the presence/absence of peritumoral ground-glass opacity (peritumoral-GGO).

CT of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in cases with hematologic malignancy: Comparison of CT features in the group classified by the severity of neutropenia and underlying disease.

Purpose: To identify differences in the radiological findings of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) among patients classified by severity of neutropenia, and differences in underlying disease.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed computed tomography (CT) scans from the time of the diagnosis of IPA in 83 hematological malignancy patients with probable or proven IPA according to the EORTC-MSG criteria. We evaluated CT findings (radiological pattern, number of lesions, distribution, and presence of low attenuation area [LAA]), and compared the radiological findings of patients classified by degree of neutropenia with two different indicators (neutrophil count at the onset, and c-d-index) and underlying disease.

Radiologic features of pneumonitis associated with nivolumab in non-small-cell lung cancer and malignant melanoma.

To assess the clinical features/imaging characteristics of pneumonitis reported during nationwide nivolumab postmarketing surveillance in Japan. Clinical and radiological data were collected from pneumonitis cases reported during/after nivolumab treatment for melanoma or non-small-cell lung cancer. The expert central review committee evaluated each case.

Association between chronic bacterial airway infection and prognosis of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a rare pulmonary complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with high mortality. Chronic bacterial airway infection (CAI) causes exacerbation and progression of several airway diseases, and bacterial airway colonization was shown to be associated with BOS after lung transplantation.We assessed the association between CAI and clinical course in patients with BOS after HSCT.

Radiological images of interstitial pneumonia in mixed connective tissue disease compared with scleroderma and polymyositis/dermatomyositis.

Objective: Little has been reported on the radiological and pathological findings of interstitial pneumonia in mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). There may be possible difference in treatment response and prognosis between the imaging patterns of systemic sclerosis (SSc)-like and polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM)-like. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the radiological images of interstitial pneumonia in MCTD presented SSc-like or PM/DM-like pattern, and to assess whether the imaging patterns corresponded to clinical and pathological features.

Infection in Immunocompromised Hosts: Imaging.

Immunocompromised patients are encountered with increasing frequency in clinical practice. In addition to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), therapy for malignant disease, and immune suppression for solid organ transplants, patients are now rendered immunosuppressed by advances in treatment for a wide variety of autoimmune diseases. The number of possible infecting organisms can be bewildering.

Features of usual interstitial pneumonia in patients with primary Sjögren׳s syndrome compared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: The different characteristics of usual interstitial pneumonia in patients with primary Sjögren׳s syndrome (UIP/pSS) compared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (UIP/IPF) are not fully understood. This study aimed to compare characteristics, prognosis, and treatment responses in these patients.

Methods: Among 129 consecutive patients who underwent surgical lung biopsy to diagnose diffuse lung diseases at Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center between 1998 and 2002, we identified 10 and 19 patients with UIP/pSS and UIP/IPF, respectively.

An autopsy study of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: correlations among clinical, radiological, and pathological features.

Background: Clinical evaluation to differentiate the characteristic features of pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema is often difficult in patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE), but diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis is important for evaluating treatment options and the risk of acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia of such patients. As far as we know, it is the first report describing a correlation among clinical, radiological, and whole-lung pathological features in an autopsy cases of CPFE patients.

Methods: Experts retrospectively reviewed the clinical charts and examined chest computed tomography (CT) images and pathological findings of an autopsy series of 22 CPFE patients, and compared these with findings from 8 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients and 17 emphysema-alone patients.

Prognostic factors in interstitial lung disease associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome: a retrospective analysis of 33 pathologically-proven cases.

Introduction: Interstitial lung disease associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS-ILD) shows several patterns such as nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). Although UIP is a well-recognized prognostic determinant in idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, whether this is also the case in pSS-ILD is unclear. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prognostic effect of UIP, and to identify the prognostic factors in pSS-ILD.

Pulmonary cryptococcosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients: comparison of imaging characteristics among RA, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and immunocompetent patients.

Purpose: The imaging characteristics of cryptococcosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were analyzed by comparing them with those of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and immunocompetent patients, and the imaging findings were correlated with pathological findings.

Methods: Two radiologists retrospectively compared the computed tomographic (CT) findings of 35 episodes of pulmonary cryptococcosis in 31 patients with 3 kinds of underlying states (10 RA, 12 AIDS, 13 immunocompetent), focusing on the nature, number, and distribution of lesions. The pathological findings of 18 patients (8 RA, 2 AIDS, 8 immunocompetent) were analyzed by two pathologists, and then correlated with imaging findings.

Imaging diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia with emphysema (combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema).

Based on clinical and radiological findings, Cottin defined combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) as pulmonary emphysema in the upper lungs and interstitial pneumonia in the lower lungs with various radiological patterns. Pathologic findings of CPFE probably corresponded with diffuse interstitial pneumonia with pulmonary emphysema, emphysema with fibrosis, and the combination of both. We described reported radiological findings of CPFE.

High-resolution computed tomography features of pulmonary chronic graft-versus-host disease following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: histopathological correlation.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the development pattern in patients with multiple episodes of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) and to analyze the computed tomography (CT) appearances of the pulmonary parenchymal injury and its relation to treatment response.

Materials And Methods: CT patterns from 41 episodes of cGVHD (25 patients) were evaluated retrospectively and classified into four groups: group 1, airway involvement; group 2, subpleural consolidation or ground glass opacity (GGO); group 3, peribronchovascular/periseptal GGO or consolidations; group 4, others. We analyzed the changing pattern of the CT appearance during multiple episodes and the relation between this CT pattern and response to treatment.