Treatment of Laryngeal Granulomas.

 Laryngeal granulomas are benign, recurrent lesions of many causes (reflux, voice abuse, intubation, and idiopathic), which renders its treatment difficult.  To describe our experience in the treatment of laryngeal granulomas.  From 16 medical records of the patients with laryngeal granulomas seen between 2010 and 2017 in a university hospital, the following data were analyzed: age, gender, vocal and gastroesophageal symptoms, vocal overuse, intubation, treatments, videolaryngoscopy before and after the treatment.

Voice Disorders: Etiology and Diagnosis.

Objectives: Voice disorders affect adults and children and have different causes in different age groups. The aim of the study is to present the etiology and diagnosis dysphonia in a large population of patients with this voice disorder.for dysphonia of a large population of dysphonic patients.

Reducing accidents related to excessive alcohol intake? A retrospective study of polytraumatized patients undergoing surgery at a Brazilian University Hospital.

Objective: To assess whether the Brazilian Driving Dry Law reached its goal after the three years following its enactment.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with craniofacial fractures who underwent surgery at a university hospital in two periods: before the Law (2005 to 2008) and after the Law (2008 to 2011).

Results: 265 patients (220 men and 45 women) were operated on during this period, 149 (56%) before and 116 (44%) after the Law, which indicates a reduction in the number of traumatisms (p=0.

Scanning electron microscopy of the tongue, pharynx, and larynx of rats exposed to cigarette smoke.

Objective: To examine, by using scanning electron microscopy, the surface of the tongue, pharynx, and larynx of animals exposed to tobacco.

Study Design: Experimental study.

Methods: Twenty rats were allocated to two groups: group I, control group: 10 rats not exposed to any inhaling pollutant and group II, tobacco group: 10 rats exposed to smoke from 10 cigarettes twice a day for 260 days.

Internal nasal dimensions of adults with nasal obstruction.

Unlabelled: Nasal septum deviation (SD) and turbinate hypertrophy (TH) increase the resistance to respiratory airflow and may impair nasal patency.

Objective: To characterize the nasal geometry of individuals with nasal obstruction secondary to SD and/or TH by means of acoustic rhinometry.

Method: This prospective study included 30 adults with complaints of nasal obstruction (NO) and SD + TH (n = 24), SD (n = 5) or TH (n = 1) seen by clinical examination.

Comparison of inflammatory cytokine profiles in plasma of patients undergoing otorhinological surgery with propofol or isoflurane anesthesia.

Objective And Design: The effects of anesthetics on cytokine release in patients without comorbidities who undergo minor surgery are not well defined. We compared inflammatory cytokine profiles in adult patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery who received isoflurane or propofol anesthesia.

Methods: Thirty-four patients without comorbidities undergoing minor surgery were randomly assigned to receive an inhaled anesthetic (isoflurane; n = 16) or an intravenous anesthetic (propofol; n = 18).

Morphological findings in the tracheal epithelium of dogs exposed to the inhalation of poorly conditioned gases under use of an endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask airway.

Purpose: To study morphological findings in the tracheal epithelium of dogs exposed to the inhalation of poorly conditioned gases under use of an endotracheal tube (ET) or laryngeal mask airway (LMA).

Methods: Twelve dogs randomly were allocated to two groups: ET group (n-6) and LMA group (n-6), anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated, without CO(2) reabsorption. Haemodynamic and ventilatory parameters, tympanic temperature, temperature, relative and absolute humidity of the ambient and inhaled gases were analyzed during three hours.

Audiologic evaluation in patients with acquired hypothyroidism.

Unlabelled: Hearing loss in hypothyroidism has been reported by many authors but its pathophysiology is unclear.

Aims: to study the audiological evaluation of patients with acquired hypothyroidism.

Materials And Methods: two groups were included: a hypothyroidism group (HG, n-30), and a control group (CG, n-30).

Reinkes' edema: immunoexpression study of fibronectin, laminin and collagen IV in 60 cases by immunohistochemical techniques.

Unlabelled: Reinke's edema is chronic laryngeal disease in which the superficial layer of the lamina propria is expanded by thick mucus, giving it a gelatin aspect. The disease is directly related to smoking and more frequent in women, who end up having a lower tone of voice. Its histological characteristics cannot always distinguish it from other benign lesions of the larynx for which additional histological techniques are necessary.

Clinical, histological and electron microscopic aspects of vocal fold granulomas.

Unlabelled: Granulomas are bilateral and pediculated lesions of the vocal apophysis. Etiologies: intubation, reflux, trauma, vocal abuse, idiopathic origin.

Aim: To analyze the clinical and morphological aspects of post intubation granulomas.

[Hoarseness after tracheal intubation.].

Background And Objectives: To describe the main causes of hoarseness after undergoing tracheal intubation.

Contents: Hoarseness is one of the most common postoperatory symptoms after tracheal intubation and the effects vary in terms of duration, depending on the factors that caused it and on how severe the damage to the laryngeal structures. This study performed a brief check-up of the anatomical structures of the larynx, describing the main traumatic lesions in the region following tracheal intubation.

Larynx and cervical trachea in humidification and heating of inhaled gases.

To evaluate the participation of the larynx and cervical trachea in conditioning inspired gases, we randomly allocated 16 mixed-breed dogs to two groups: group TT (tracheal tube; n = 8) and group LMA (laryngeal mask airway; n = 8). The dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and mechanically ventilated for 3 hours. The parameters studied were temperature and absolute humidities of ambient, inhaled, and tracheal air.