Frequent nuclear β-catenin expression in pulmonary enteric-type adenocarcinoma according to the current World Health Organization criteria.

Based on the current World Health Organization classification criteria, five of 3895 consecutive cases of surgically resected primary lung carcinomas (0.13%) categorized as enteric-type were analyzed. Three cases completely comprised tumor cells that resemble colorectal adenocarcinoma, while the other two cases exhibited features of conventional adenocarcinomas admixed with enteric components.

Expression of paired box 9 defines an aggressive subset of lung adenocarcinoma preferentially occurring in smokers.

Aims: A distinct subset of lung adenocarcinomas (LADs), arising from a series of peripheral lung cells defined as the terminal respiratory unit (TRU), is characterised by thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) expression. The clinical relevance of transcription factors (TFs) other than TTF-1 remains unknown in LAD and was explored in the present study.

Methods And Results: Seventy-one LAD samples were subjected to high-throughput transcriptome screening of LAD using cap analysis gene expression (CAGE) sequencing data; CAGE provides genome-wide expression levels of the transcription start sites (TSSs).

Comprehensive clinicopathological characteristics and mucin core protein expression profiles of bronchiolar adenoma.

Aims: Bronchiolar adenoma (BA) is a novel entity in the 2021 WHO classification of lung tumours. The expression profile of mucin core proteins in BAs is not clear. The aim of this study was to clarify the expression profiles of mucins and to validate the clinicopathologic and molecular features of BAs.

Distinct properties of pure- and mixed-type high-grade fetal lung adenocarcinomas by genetic profiling and transcription factor expression.

The clinicopathological differences among high-grade fetal lung adenocarcinomas completely comprising tumor cells that resemble fetal lung epithelium (pure type) and those with fetal lung-like components admixed with conventional adenocarcinoma cells (mixed type) remain undetermined. Here, we examined the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of 11 lung adenocarcinomas with fetal lung-like morphology among 3895 consecutive cases of primary lung cancer based on the expression pattern of transcription factors. According to the current WHO classification, two cases (0.

Diffuse expression of MUC6 defines a distinct clinicopathological subset of pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma.

Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) of the lung is a unique variant of lung adenocarcinoma. Aberrant mucin expression is associated with cancer development and metastasis. However, the clinicopathological significance of mucin expression in IMA is not fully understood.

High FOXA1 protein expression might predict late recurrence in patients with estrogen-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer.

Background: Multi-gene expression assays have been developed with the aim of predicting late recurrence in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. However, establishment of alternative markers based on immunohistochemistry is also important for achieving practical use. Based on our previous study, forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) protein was tested as a potentially useful predictive marker for late recurrence.

Histological characteristics of eosinophilic myenteric ganglionitis: an under-recognised cause of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.

Eosinophilic myenteric ganglionitis (EMG) is characterised by eosinophilic infiltration of the myenteric plexus. EMG has been rarely reported as a cause of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO), and its histopathological features are not fully elucidated. We analysed seven patients with CIPO.

Molecular characterization of sessile serrated adenoma/polyps with dysplasia/carcinoma based on immunohistochemistry, next-generation sequencing, and microsatellite instability testing: a case series study.

Background: Colorectal sessile serrated adenoma/polyps (SSA/Ps) are considered early precursor lesions in the serrated neoplasia pathway. Recent studies have shown associations of SSA/Ps with lost MLH1 expression, a CpG island methylator phenotype, and BRAF mutations. However, the molecular biological features of SSA/Ps with early neoplastic progression have not yet been fully elucidated, owing to the rarity of cases of SSA/P with advanced histology such as cytologic dysplasia or invasive carcinoma.

Pyloric Gland Adenoma (PGA) of the Gallbladder: A Unique and Distinct Tumor from PGAs of the Stomach, Duodenum, and Pancreas.

Twenty-four surgically resected, gallbladder pyloric gland adenomas (GB-PGAs) were examined and their features were compared with the reported features of stomach, duodenum, and pancreatic PGAs to better understand GB-PGAs. Clinical information on background gallbladder lesions and histologic data, including tumor grade, existence of squamoid morules, intratumoral cholesterosis, and intracytoplasmic mucins were collected. Immunohistochemical staining for MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, CDX2, pepsinogen I, p53, and MIB-1/nuclear β-catenin were evaluated.

Immunohistochemical and genetic characteristics of a colorectal mucin-rich variant of traditional serrated adenoma.

Aims: Recently, several morphological variants of traditional serrated adenoma (TSA) of the colorectum have been recognised, and mucin-rich TSA (MR-TSA) and serrated tubulovillous adenoma (S-TVA) were introduced as distinct morphological variants separate from conventional TSA (C-TSA). This aim of this study was to elucidate the immunohistochemical and genetic characteristics of MR-TSAs.

Methods And Results: We performed immunostaining for cytokeratins (CKs) (e.

Distinct Involvement of the Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Gastric Adenocarcinoma of Fundic Gland Type and Conventional Gastric Adenocarcinoma.

Background/aims: Gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type (GAFG), which is a rare variant of gastric cancer, is reportedly associated with both Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation and guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating complex (GNAS) mutations. This study aimed to elucidate potential roles of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway in GAFG.

Methods: We performed immunostaining for β-catenin and Shh signal-associated proteins, including Patched (Ptch), Smoothened (Smo), and Glioma-associated oncogene-1 (Gli1), and the direct sequencing of GNAS/BRAF/KRAS in 27 GAFGs, and compared them with 30 conventional gastric adenocarcinomas (CGAs).

Combination of Cancer Stem Cell Markers CD44 and CD24 Is Superior to ALDH1 as a Prognostic Indicator in Breast Cancer Patients with Distant Metastases.

The combination of CD44 and CD24, or aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) alone, is a widely used cancer stem cell marker in breast cancer. However, no conclusion has yet been reached as to which marker is the best for characterizing cancer stemness. Immunohistochemical evaluation using cancer stem cell markers is clearly less common clinically than in basic experiments and how the expressions of these markers relate to patient outcomes remains controversial.

Expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in smooth muscle metaplasia of rectovaginal endometriosis.

To investigate expression of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in smooth muscle metaplasia (SMM) outside the endometriotic foci of rectovaginal endometriosis (RVE). One hundred and ninety-five specimens were obtained from the rectovaginal areas of the 63 patients who were underwent laparoscopic surgery for RVE. The patients were divided into 3 groups: a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist group, a non-GnRH group, including a proliferative phase group, and a secretory phase group.

A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical comparison of squamous cell carcinoma arising in scars versus nonscar SCC in Japanese patients.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin shows an indolent prognosis in general. However, the prognosis of SCC arising in a scar (scar carcinoma) is considered to be worse than that of SCC without any clinical history of injury (nonscar SCC). The aim of this study was to compare several indices, p53, Ki-67, E-cadherin, and beta-catenin, which are related to tumor behavior, between scar carcinoma and nonscar SCC clinicopathologically and immunohistochemically.

Pancreatic, hepatic, splenic, and mesenteric mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN) are lumped together as extra ovarian MCN.

Mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN) of the pancreas are mucin-producing cystic tumors with an ovarian-like stroma (OLS). In the present study MCN were obtained from 27 patients. These MCN were derived from 22 pancreas, three livers, spleen, and mesentery.

Fibrosis and smooth muscle metaplasia in rectovaginal endometriosis.

Rectovaginal (RV) endometriosis presents with a nodular lesion composed of fibromuscular and endometriotic tissue, and the fibromuscular tissue is the major component in the severe stage. The purpose of our study was to examine the extending process of fibromuscular tissue in RV endometriosis. Histological examinations using immunostains, were performed in 90 RV tissue specimens from 37 women.