Effects of floral display size, local open raceme density, patch size, and distance between patches on pollinator behaviour in Salvia nipponica.

Flowers cluster at various spatial scales, so pollinators use information from multiple scales when foraging in natural plant populations. Little is known about the effects of interactions between scales or their relative strength. We examined bumblebee foraging behaviour in a natural population of Salvia nipponica in 10 and 7 patches in 2019 and 2020, respectively.

Inherited dimorphism in cleistogamous flower production in Portulaca oleracea: a comparison of 16 populations growing under different environmental conditions.

Background And Aims: Cleistogamy is considered to be an adaptive strategy resulting in plasticity in chasmogamous (CH) and cleistogamous (CL) flower production depending on environmental conditions and plant size. The aim of this study was to investigate whether CH and CL flower production in Portulaca oleracea is genetically differentiated among populations in association with climatic conditions.

Methods: First, we conducted growth experiments with P.