Is manipulative therapy clinically necessary for relief of neck pain? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To summarize and critically assess the effificacy of Eastern and Western manipulative therapies for the treatment of neck pain in adults.

Methods: A search of PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, EMBASE, etc.

Mutations in the SF1-U2AF59-U2AF23 complex cause exon skipping in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

To identify genes involved in the mechanism to ensure ordered 5' to 3' exon joining in constitutively spliced pre-mRNAs, we screened for mutants that cause exon skipping in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe using a reporter plasmid, which contains the ura4+ gene with the nda3 intron 1-exon 2-intron 2 sequence. The reporter plasmid was designed to produce the functional ura4+ mRNA, when the central nda3 exon is skipped during the splicing reaction. We mutagenized cells harboring the plasmid by UV irradiation and isolated 34 ura+ mutants that grew on minimal medium.