Translation and Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow Score Into Japanese and Comparison of Visual Analog Scale and 10-Point Scale Formats.

Background: The Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic shoulder and elbow score (KJOC) is sensitive enough to detect subtle changes in the functional level of the shoulder or elbow in overhead athletes. However, a Japanese version of the KJOC is not yet available. Moreover, the original KJOC uses a visual analog scale (VAS) assessment format that requires a print version so that users can add a check mark along a horizontal line.