Dietary fiber and risk of colorectal cancer in the Japan collaborative cohort study.

To examine the association of dietary fiber with the risk of colorectal cancer in a population with a high incidence of cancer and a low fiber intake, we analyzed the data from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. From 1988 to 1990, 43,115 men and women aged 40 to 79 years completed a questionnaire on dietary and other factors. Intake of dietary fiber was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire.

Effectiveness of cervical cancer screening over cervical cancer mortality among Japanese women.

Background: Various studies have revealed that cervical cancer (CC) screening significantly reduces both CC incidence and mortality in developed countries. Although Japan introduced a nationwide government funded annual CC screening for the women aged 30+ in 1982, the effectiveness of CC screening on CC mortality has not yet been evaluated by any prospective cohort study. Therefore, the present study evaluated the association of CC mortality with self-reported CC screening and some other factors by a nationwide cohort study.

Dietary habits and stomach cancer risk in the JACC Study.

Background: Despite a declining incidence, stomach cancer is still a dominant cancer in Japan. The association between dietary habits and stomach cancer risk was investigated in a large prospective study in Japan.

Methods: Data were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire from 1988 through 1990.

Colorectal cancer and serum C-reactive protein levels: a case-control study nested in the JACC Study.

Background: Recently, it has been hypothesized that inflammation increases the risk of colorectal cancer. We investigated whether serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of inflammation, are associated with colorectal cancer, using serum samples collected in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study (JACC Study).

Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study in the JACC Study, investigating the relationship between the risk for colorectal cancer and serum levels of CRP determined by a high-sensitivity CRP enzyme immunoassay.

Glucose intolerance and colorectal cancer risk in a nested case-control study among Japanese People.

Background: Glucose intolerance may increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

Methods: In a sero-epidemiological nested case-control study, conducted as part of the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study (JACC Study) for Evaluation of Cancer Risk, we measured serum glycoalbumin in 123 patients with colorectal cancer and 279 controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk of colorectal cancer.

Alcohol consumption and colorectal cancer risk: findings from the JACC Study.

Background: Because alcohol drinking is a potential risk factor for colorectal cancer, the trend in alcohol consumption in Japan may partly explain the increase in incidence and mortality rates of this malignancy until 1990-1995.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. From 1988 to 1990, 23,708 men and 34,028 women, aged 40-79 years, completed a questionnaire on lifestyle factors including drinking habits.

Medical history of circulatory diseases and colorectal cancer death in the JACC Study.

Background: Host factors expressed by individual past medical history of hypertension, stroke, and myocardial infarction may have a relationship with colorectal cancer.

Methods: As part of the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study (JACC Study) for the Evaluation of Cancer Risk sponsored by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan (Monbusho), we conducted a follow-up study of 110,792 Japanese inhabitants aged 40-79 years to reveal the relationship of past medical history of hypertension, stroke, and myocardial infarction at the baseline in 1988-1990 with colorectal cancer death for about 10 years up to the end of 1999.

Results: Past medical history of hypertension associated with an increased risk of female rectal cancer when analyzing all cancer cases with adjustment for age, body mass index, and exercise (hazard ratio [HR]=1.

Serum pepsinogen values and Helicobacter pylori status among control subjects of a nested case-control study in the JACC study.

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection and serum pepsinogen values are strongly related with stomach cancer. The aim of this study was to know what were these factors among general population.

Methods: Subjects were randomly selected 633 control subjects in a nested case-control study for risk of stomach cancer.

Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor I, II, and binding protein 3, transforming growth factor beta-1, soluble fas ligand and superoxide dismutase activity in stomach cancer cases and their controls in the JACC Study.

Background: The prognosis of stomach cancer with advanced stage remains poor. New biomarkers of the disease that may contribute to establish the potential screening strategy would be of value for the early detection of individuals at high risk of the disease.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, nested case-control analysis among apparently healthy men and women who were followed for up to 8 years in the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study, to evaluate serum levels of insulin-like growth factor I, II, and binding protein 3 (IFG-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3), transforming growth factorbeta-1 (TGFbeta1), soluble fas (sFas) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) in 210 stomach cancer cases diagnosed in the JACC Study in relation to those levels in their 410 controls.

Green tea and stomach cancer--a short review of prospective studies.

Background: In Japan, green tea has been drunk for a long time. Because it can be drunk casually, many people love drinking it. If such green tea has an effect to prevent stomach cancer, it will be a very convenient way to prevent the disease.

Lack of an association between serum level of transforming growth factor beta -1 and stomach cancer risk in the JACC study.

Alterations in the serum concentration of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta1) have been observed in gastric cancer patients. No study, however, has ever examined the association between the serum TGFbeta1 level and stomach cancer prospectively. We conducted a prospective, nested case-control analysis among apparently healthy men and women who were followed for up to 8 years in the JACC Study to assess whether serum level of total TGFbeta1 is associated with a subsequent risk of stomach cancer.

Leptin is associated with an increased female colorectal cancer risk: a nested case-control study in Japan.

Objective: To elucidate whether leptin is involved in the etiology of female colorectal cancer.

Methods: A case-control study nested in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. We compared serum leptin levels in 58 cases of female colorectal cancer with those in 145 controls matched for study area and age.

Serum carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols, and colorectal cancer risk in a Japanese cohort: effect modification by sex for carotenoids.

To examine associations of serum carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols with colorectal cancer risk, we conducted a case-control study nested within the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. These micronutrients were measured in prediagnostic serum samples from 116 men and women who developed colorectal cancer during an 8-yr follow-up period and from 298 matched controls. In men, the higher level of serum total carotenoids was associated with a decreased risk: The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the highest vs.

Serum levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective study.

To examine the relation between serum fatty acids and risk of colorectal cancer, the authors conducted a nested case-control study of 169 colorectal cancer cases and 481 controls matched by age and enrollment area as part of the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. Serum samples were donated by subjects at baseline (between 1988 and 1990) and were stored at -80 degrees C until 2002. Serum fatty acid levels were measured by using gas chromatography and were expressed as the weight percentage of total lipids.

Perceived psychologic stress and colorectal cancer mortality: findings from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between perceived psychologic stress and colorectal cancer mortality in a prospective large-scale study.

Methods: Between the years 1988 and 1990, 32,153 men and 45,854 women aged 40 to 79 years were enrolled. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire that addressed demographic, lifestyle, and psychosocial characteristics.

Diet and colorectal cancer mortality: results from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study.

The relationship between diet and colorectal cancer mortality was analyzed in a prospective study of 45,181 men and 62,643 women aged 40-79 yr enrolled in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. Between 1988 and 1990, subjects completed a self-administered questionnaire on their sociodemographic characteristics, diet, and other lifestyle habits. During the follow-up period (average 9.

Serum oxidized low-density lipoprotein levels and risk of colorectal cancer: a case-control study nested in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in carcinogenesis, but few epidemiologic studies have examined associations with risk of colorectal cancer. Relationships between serum levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and oxLDL antibody (oLAB) and colorectal cancer risk were investigated in a case-control study nested in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk. Serum samples and lifestyle information were collected at baseline from 39,242 men and women between 1988 and 1990.

A prospective study of reproductive and menstrual factors and colon cancer risk in Japanese women: findings from the JACC study.

The effects of reproductive factors on the etiology of colon cancer in Asian populations remain unexplored. So we examined 38,420 Japanese women aged 40-79 years who responded to a questionnaire on reproductive and other lifestyle factors from 1988 to 1990 in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk. During an average 7.

Initial experience with catheter probe US when using a multibending endoscope.

Background: High-frequency catheter probe US provides detailed images when the scanning plane is perpendicular to the area of interest and the latter is within the focal zone. A multibending endoscope has been developed that has two bending sections that can be deflected independently. The aim of this study was to determine whether this new endoscope enhances high-frequency catheter probe US.

A prospective study on the possible association between having children and colon cancer risk: findings from the JACC Study.

If having children is regarded as an exposure in life, its effect on a host could be considered as being due to female sex hormones associated with pregnancy in women and some lifestyle factors associated with large families in both men and women. To explore the roles of having children in the etiology of colon cancer, we examined 36,629 women and 24,877 men aged 40-79 years who completed a questionnaire on the number of children and other lifestyle factors from 1988 to 1990 in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk. During 291,080 and 200,648 person-years of follow-up, we documented 198 female and 202 male incident colon cancers, respectively.

Smoking and colorectal cancer in a non-Western population: a prospective cohort study in Japan.

Background: The risk of colorectal cancer in relation to smoking habits has been examined mostly in Caucasians, and evidence for other ethnic groups is still scarce.

Methods: Our data came from the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study. From 1988 through 1990, 25,260 men and 34,619 women aged 40-79 years completed a questionnaire on cigarette smoking and other lifestyle factors.

Relationship between obesity and serum markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in Japanese.

The present study was conducted to assess the relationship between obesity and serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), carotenoids, oxidized LDL (oxLDL), oxidized LDL antibodies (oLAB), and leptin in Japanese residents. The subjects were 158 males and 158 females aged 40-79 years, and living in Hokkaido, Japan, who attended a health examination screening. Serum levels of CRP, oxLDL, oLAB, and leptin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serum carotenoid levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Aggregation of stomach cancer history in parents and offspring in comparison with other sites.

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the magnitude of the aggregation of a stomach cancer history in parents and their offspring in comparison with that of a history at other sites.

Methods: We used the baseline data from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk (JACC Study), which was initiated during 1988-1990 in Japan. Association of the cancer history of the subjects' parents with that of the subjects themselves and any of the subjects' siblings was evaluated with odds ratios (OR) by the crude and generalized estimating equations (GEE) technique for four sites: stomach, colorectum, liver, and lung/bronchus.

Prospective study of screening for stomach cancer in Japan.

Although screening for stomach cancer is a widespread community service in Japan, the benefits of the screening program remain unclear. Our study investigated prospectively the relation between participation in stomach-cancer screening during the past 12 months and subsequent deaths. Data was derived from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study, in which 480 stomach-cancer deaths were identified during an 8-year follow-up period.

Analysis of cancer mortality among atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima Prefecture, 1968-1997.

The Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine has a cohort of atomic bomb survivors, residents of Hiroshima Prefecture, followed up since 1968. An epidemiological project on cancer mortality has been extended by the 5 years from 1992 to 1997. In this paper we aim to evaluate the relative risk pattern of specific cancers by radiation dose over time and during this recent 5 years.