A Case of Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma With Recurrent Brain Metastasis due to Transformation to Small Cell Carcinoma During Adjuvant Atezolizumab Therapy.

Histologic transformation from non-small cell to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a resistance mechanism to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We report herein a case of lung adenocarcinoma who developed liver and brain metastases during adjuvant atezolizumab therapy. The patient underwent a craniotomy to resect a brain metastasis, which was pathologically diagnosed as SCLC.

Rare Case of Fusobacterium necrophorum Bacteremia and Pleural Empyema Originating from a Burn Ulcer in a 16-Year-Old Female Patient.

BACKGROUND Most Fusobacterium necrophorum infections originate in the head and neck region. Infections originating from sites other than the head and neck are rare but are more common in older than in younger adults and have a higher mortality rate than that of infections originating from the head and neck region. CASE REPORT We present the case of a previously healthy 16-year-old female patient who developed bacteremia and pleural effusions with a burn ulcer on the lower leg but had no abnormality in the head and neck region.

A case of autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis during the course of treatment of rapidly progressive interstitial pneumonia associated with anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis.

Background: Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (APAP) is a diffuse lung disease that causes abnormal accumulation of lipoproteins in the alveoli; however, its pathogenesis remains unclear. Recently, APAP cases have been reported during the course of dermatomyositis. The combination of these two diseases may be coincidental; however, it may have been overlooked because differentiating APAP from a flare-up of interstitial pneumonia associated with dermatomyositis is challenging.

Glasgow prognostic score and body mass index predict short-term discontinuation of the antifibrotic agents pirfenidone and nintedanib.

Background: The antifibrotic agents pirfenidone and nintedanib have been shown to be effective in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, discontinuation of antifibrotic drugs is a major clinical concern because of the lack of alternative treatment options. Therefore, we identified factors that may be useful for predicting the termination of antifibrotic agents.

Prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer with postoperative regional lymph node recurrence.

Background: Regional lymph node recurrence after radical surgery for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an oligo-recurrent disease; however, no treatment strategy has been established. In the present study we aimed to determine the clinical outcomes of postoperative regional lymph node recurrence and identify prognostic predictors in the era of molecular-targeted therapy.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data on clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with regional lymph node recurrence after surgery who underwent treatment for NSCLC between 2002 and 2022.

Role of Epiregulin in Lung Tumorigenesis and Therapeutic Resistance.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling regulates multiple cellular processes and plays an essential role in tumorigenesis. Epiregulin (EREG), a member of the EGF family, binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ErbB4, and it stimulates EGFR-related downstream pathways. Increasing evidence indicates that both the aberrant expression and oncogenic function of EREG play pivotal roles in tumor development in many human cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

The oncogenic role of LGR6 overexpression induced by aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling in lung cancer.

Background: Molecular abnormalities in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway confer malignant phenotypes in lung cancer. Previously, we identified the association of leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 6 (LGR6) with oncogenic Wnt signaling, and its downregulation upon β-catenin knockdown in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells carrying CTNNB1 mutations. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms underlying this association and the accompanying phenotypes.

Predictive significance of circulating tumor DNA against patients with T790M-positive EGFR-mutant NSCLC receiving osimertinib.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) provides molecular information on tumor heterogeneity. The prognostic usefulness of ctDNA after first-line epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are limited. Therefore, the present study evaluated ctDNA during osimertinib administration as a second-line or more setting to identify the relationship between EGFR mutation levels and outcomes in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

A pregnant woman with severe dyspnoea.

https://bit.ly/3stKOzj.

Durable response to afatinib rechallenge in a long-term survivor of non-small cell lung cancer harboring EGFR L858R and L747V mutations.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors are standard therapeutic agents for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with major EGFR mutations such as exon 19 deletions and a L858R mutation, whereas treatment strategies for cases with uncommon EGFR mutations remain to be fully established. Here, we report a long-term (≥20 years from initial diagnosis) NSCLC survivor carrying EGFR L858R and L747V mutations. The patient received gefitinib monotherapy, systemic chemotherapy/chemoimmunotherapy, and local consolidative therapies for oligometastatic lesions, and responded to afatinib rechallenge with a progression-free survival of 12 months.

Treatment strategies with alternative treatment options for patients with Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease.

Diseases caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection in the lungs are increasing worldwide. The recurrence rate of MAC-pulmonary disease (PD) has been reported to be as high as 25-45%. A significant percentage of recurrences occurs because of reinfection with a new genotype from the environment.

Targeting Oncogenic KRAS in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Recent advances in molecular biology and the resultant identification of driver oncogenes have achieved major progress in precision medicine for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene () is the most common driver in NSCLC, and targeting KRAS is considerably important. The recent discovery of covalent KRAS G12C inhibitors offers hope for improving the prognosis of NSCLC patients, but the development of combination therapies corresponding to tumor characteristics is still required given the vast heterogeneity of -mutated NSCLC.

A case of a patient with neurofibromatosis type I who developed pneumothorax and eosinophilic pleural effusion after suffering from COVID-19 pneumonia.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic since its discovery in December 2019, and as the disease continues to evolve, varying complications associated with it continue to arise. In this regard, computed tomography has played an extremely important role in the diagnosis and evaluation of COVID-19 pneumonia and its complications. We encountered a case of a male patient with neurofibromatosis (type I) who developed concurrent pneumothorax and pleural effusion during his recovery period from severe COVID-19 pneumonia.

Glasgow prognostic score predicts efficacy and prognosis in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer receiving EGFR-TKI treatment.

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Although epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are effective for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR mutations, some patients experience little or no response. The Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) is an inflammation-related score based on C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin concentrations, and has prognostic value in various cancer settings.

Prospective Feasibility Study of Amrubicin and Bevacizumab Therapy for Patients With Previously Treated Advanced NSCLC.

Background/aim: The efficacy of the combination of amrubicin and bevacizumab against advanced non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as a second or third-line treatment, was evaluated.

Patients And Methods: Amrubicin was administered for 3 days to patients with previously treated advanced NSCLC, whereas bevacizumab was administered on day 1 of each cycle; this regimen was repeated every 3 weeks.

Results: Among the 16 patients, an overall response rate of 12.