The utilization of membranes has been extensively employed in the treatment of water and wastewater. Membrane fouling, attributed to the hydrophobic nature of membranes, constitutes a noteworthy concern in the realm of membrane separation. The mitigation of fouling can be achieved through the modification of membrane characteristics, including but not limited to hydrophilicity, morphology, and selectivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe toxicity of heavy metals can cause water pollution and has harmful effects on human health and the environment. Various methods are used to overcome this pressing issue and each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Membrane filtration technology such as nanofiltration (NF) produces high quality water and has a very small footprint, which results in lower energy usage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemical contaminants such as heavy metals, dyes, and organic oils seriously affect the environment and threaten human health. About 2 million tons of waste is released every day into the water system. Heavy metals are the largest contributor which cover about 31% of the total composition of water contaminants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA novel model is developed to evaluate the van der Waals (vdW) interactions between a capsule shaped bacterium () and flat minerals plates in different approach profiles: Vertically and horizontally. A comparison of the approaches to the well-developed spherical particle to mineral surface (semi-infinite wall and spherical) approach has been made in this investigation. The van der Waals (vdW) interaction potentials for a capsule-shaped bacterium are found using Hamaker's microscopic approach of sphere to plate and cylinder to plate either vertically or horizontally to the flat surface.
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