Prediction of cardiovascular markers and diseases using retinal fundus images and deep learning: a systematic scoping review.

Rapid development in deep learning for image analysis inspired studies to focus on predicting cardiovascular risk using retinal fundus images. This scoping review aimed to identify and describe studies using retinal fundus images and deep learning to predict cardiovascular risk markers and diseases. We searched MEDLINE and Embase on 17 November 2023.

Information needs for GPs on type 2 diabetes in Western countries: a systematic review.

Background: Most people with type 2 diabetes receive treatment in primary care by GPs who are not specialised in diabetes. Thus, it is important to uncover the most essential information needs regarding type 2 diabetes in general practice.

Aim: To identify information needs related to type 2 diabetes for GPs.

The impact of train-the-trainer programs on the continued professional development of nurses: a systematic review.

Background: Train-the-trainer (TTT) programs are widely applied to disseminate knowledge within healthcare systems, but evidence of the effectiveness of this educational model remains unclear. We systematically reviewed studies evaluating the impact of train-the-trainer models on the learning outcomes of nurses.

Methods: The reporting of our systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 checklist.

Feasibility of time-restricted eating in individuals with overweight, obesity, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes: A systematic scoping review.

Objective: This systematic scoping review aimed to map and synthesize research on feasibility of time-restricted eating (TRE) in individuals with overweight, obesity, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes, including recruitment rate, retention rate, safety, adherence, and participants' attitudes, experiences, and perspectives.

Methods: The authors searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature from inception to November 22, 2022, supplemented by backward and forward citation search.

Results: From 4219 identified records, 28 studies were included.

Insulin resistance in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Insulin resistance is a critical cause of metabolic dysfunctions. Metabolic dysfunction is common in patients with cancer and is associated with higher cancer recurrence rates and reduced overall survival. Yet, insulin resistance is rarely considered in the clinic and thus it is uncertain how frequently this condition occurs in patients with cancer.

Psychosocial aspects and perspectives of adult-onset type 1 diabetes: A systematic scoping review.

Aim: To map existing research on psychosocial aspects of adult-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D), including psychosocial health status, ways psychosocial aspects may affect management of T1D in everyday life, and interventions targeting management of adult-onset T1D.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycInfo. Search results were screened with predefined eligibility criteria, followed by data extraction of the included studies.

Effects of vegan diets on cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

In parallel with an increased focus on climate changes and carbon footprint, the interest in plant-based diets and its potential health effects have increased over the past decade. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effect of vegan diets (≥12 weeks) on cardiometabolic risk factors in people with overweight or type 2 diabetes. We identified 11 trials (796 participants).

Seeking a deeper understanding of 'distributed health literacy': A systematic review.

Background: Previous research suggests that it would be useful to view health literacy as a set of 'distributed competencies', which can be found dispersed through the individual's social network, rather than an exclusively individual attribute. However, to date there is no focused exploration of how distributed health literacy has been defined, conceptualized or assessed in the peer-reviewed literature.

Aims: This systematic review aimed to explore: (1) definitions and conceptual models of distributed health literacy that are available from the peer-reviewed literature; and (2) how distributed health literacy has been measured in empirical research.

Strategies to promote health behaviors in parents with small children-A systematic review and realist synthesis of behavioral interventions.

In this systematic review and realist synthesis, we aimed to identify strategies to improve dietary and physical activity behaviors for parents with small children. A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO in July 2021. Included studies had to: (i) target one or both parents with at least one child (0-3 years), (ii) aim to improve diet and physical activity, and (iii) report on diet and physical activity outcomes.

Searching PubMed to Retrieve Publications on the COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparative Analysis of Search Strings.

Background: Since it was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020, COVID-19 has dominated headlines around the world and researchers have generated thousands of scientific articles about the disease. The fast speed of publication has challenged researchers and other stakeholders to keep up with the volume of published articles. To search the literature effectively, researchers use databases such as PubMed.

Effect of adjunctive glucose-lowering drugs on body weight in people with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol.

Introduction: Obesity increases the risk of comorbidities and diabetes-related complications and, consequently, efforts to prevent and reduce excess weight in people with type 1 diabetes are essential. The aim of this systematic review and network meta-analysis is to assess the effect of adjunctive glucose-lowering drugs on body weight and other important health outcomes in people with type 1 diabetes.

Methods And Analysis: This systematic review and network meta-analysis will include randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the use of adjunctive glucose-lowering drugs for treatment of people with type 1 diabetes.

Psychosocial factors associated with HbA in adults with insulin pump-treated type 1 diabetes: a systematic review.

Aims: To identify currently available studies on the association between psychosocial factors and HbA in adults with insulin pump-treated type 1 diabetes, by performing a systematic review of the literature.

Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched for original studies on the association between psychosocial factors and HbA in ≥ 50 adult, non-pregnant, insulin pump users with type 1 diabetes.

Results: The search resulted in 1777 unique records, of which eight were eligible for inclusion.

Efficacy of omalizumab in children, adolescents, and adults with severe allergic asthma: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and call for new trials using current guidelines for assessment of severe asthma.

Background: Omalizumab is approved for treating severe allergic asthma from age 6, but the definition of severe asthma including a systematic assessment to rule out difficult-to-treat asthma has changed since the drug was approved in 2003.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of two critical (exacerbation rate, oral corticosteroid (OCS) treatment) and eight important clinical outcomes in children, adolescents and adults, and specifically searched papers for systematic assessment of severe asthma.

Results: Adults: seven studies (n = 2159) ascertaining exacerbation rate showing a 37% (95% CI 21-50) reduction in favor of omalizumab, larger than the pre-specified minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of 25%.

Reasons for Nonadherence to Statins - A Systematic Review of Reviews.

Purpose: Lipid-lowering medications are often prescribed to decrease the risk of micro- and macro-cardiovascular complications related to dyslipidaemia. Despite widespread prescription of lipid-lowering drugs, including statins, adherence to therapy is a challenge worldwide. This systematic review of reviews aimed to conduct a critical appraisal and synthesis of review findings and to provide an overview of the factors that were found to affect adherence to lipid-lowering drugs, focusing on statins, in the reviews.

Efficacy, adverse events, and inter-drug comparison of mepolizumab and reslizumab anti-IL-5 treatments of severe asthma - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

: New, complex, and expensive therapies targeting Interleukin-5 (IL-5) to treat severe eosinophilic asthma are emerging. : To assess efficacy, adverse events, and inter-drug comparison of mepolizumab and reslizumab for treating severe eosinophilic asthma. : A systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trials elucidating two critical (exacerbation rate and oral corticosteroid (OCS) use) and six important clinical outcomes on the efficacy and safety of mepolizumab and reslizumab.

Hepatitis C prevalence among the migrant population in Spain: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Spain, which has one of the largest migrant populations in Europe, has committed to eliminating the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HCV among migrant groups in Spain, a country of 46 million people, with an estimated HCV-antibody prevalence of 1.7%.

Assessing Competencies Needed to Engage With Digital Health Services: Development of the eHealth Literacy Assessment Toolkit.

Background: To achieve full potential in user-oriented eHealth projects, we need to ensure a match between the eHealth technology and the user's eHealth literacy, described as knowledge and skills. However, there is a lack of multifaceted eHealth literacy assessment tools suitable for screening purposes.

Objective: The objective of our study was to develop and validate an eHealth literacy assessment toolkit (eHLA) that assesses individuals' health literacy and digital literacy using a mix of existing and newly developed scales.

Cultural adaptation and validation of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ): robust nine-dimension Danish language confirmatory factor model.

Health literacy is an important construct in population health and healthcare requiring rigorous measurement. The Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ), with nine scales, measures a broad perception of health literacy. This study aimed to adapt the HLQ to the Danish setting, and to examine the factor structure, homogeneity, reliability and discriminant validity.

The concept of physical limitations in knee osteoarthritis: as viewed by patients and health professionals.

Objective: To comprehensively identify components of the physical limitation concept in knee osteoarthritis (OA) and to rate the clinical importance of these using perspectives of both patients and health professionals.

Design: Concept mapping, a structured group process, was used to identify and organize data in focus groups (patients) and via a global web-based survey (professionals). Ideas were elicited through a nominal group technique and then organized using multidimensional scaling, cluster analysis, participant validation, rating of clinical importance, and thematic analyses to generate a conceptual model of physical limitations in knee OA.

Enhancing the Effectiveness of Consumer-Focused Health Information Technology Systems Through eHealth Literacy: A Framework for Understanding Users' Needs.

Background: eHealth systems and applications are increasingly focused on supporting consumers to directly engage with and use health care services. Involving end users in the design of these systems is critical to ensure a generation of usable and effective eHealth products and systems. Often the end users engaged for these participatory design processes are not actual representatives of the general population, and developers may have limited understanding about how well they might represent the full range of intended users of the eHealth products.

[Need for more research in patients' health literacy].

This paper introduces the concept of health literacy to the Danish health field by sharing the definition, conceptual model and matrix from the European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU). The general results of the HLS-EU are presented to show how health literacy can be measured, and how limited health literacy is a challenge for various European countries. The fact that the term health literacy is not easily translated into Danish might be a barrier for its wider use and dissemination.

[Measuring health literacy can improve communication in health care].

A tool for measuring health literacy is desirable when tailoring health care services to individual patients. Existing tools measure the functional aspects of health literacy whereas newly developed tools have a broader scope and measure people's knowledge, motivation and competences to access, understand, appraise and apply health information. Two novel, international health literacy questionnaires have been translated and are being validated in a Danish context.

Social and cultural aspects of HIV and AIDS in West Africa: a narrative review of qualitative research.

With the increasing focus on the role of social aspects of the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa, the need for an overview of existing research dealing with such issues has become more urgent. The objective of this article is to provide a thematic overview of existing qualitative research on HIV and AIDS in the West African region and to analyze the main research findings in order to identify possible gaps and recommend new research themes to inform future research-based interventions. The analysis is based on a total of 58 articles published from 2001 to 2009 in English or French identified through a literature search in seven scientific, bibliographical databases.