X-ray microanalysis of dentine in primary teeth diagnosed Dentinogenesis Imperfecta type II.

Aim: To analyse the elemental composition of dentine in primary teeth from children diagnosed with Dentinogenesis Imperfecta type II (DI) and from normal sound primary teeth using X-ray microanalysis.

Materials And Methods: X-ray microanalysis of the elements C, O, Na, Mg, P, Cl, K and Ca were performed in the dentine of five normal primary teeth and in seven primary teeth diagnosed DI. The analysis was made in a low magnification in 10 points from the enamel-dentine junction/root surface toward the pulp.

Community Health Centers: a Key Partner to Achieve Medicaid Expansion.

Medicaid expansion is an important feature of the "Affordable Care Act" and also is proposed as a component of some incremental plans for universal healthcare coverage. We describe (1) obstacles encountered with Medicaid coverage, (2) their potential resolution by federally qualified community health centers (CHCs), (3) the current status and limitations of CHCs, and (4) a proposed mega CHC model which could help assure access to care under Medicaid coverage expansion. Proposed development of the mega CHC model involves a three-component system featuring (1) satellite neighborhood outreach clinics, with team care directed by primary care nurse practitioners, (2) a hub central CHC which would closely correspond to the logistics and administration of current CHCs, and (3) a teaching hospital facilitating subspecialty care for CHC patients, with high-quality and cost-effectiveness.

Molecular insights into hypomineralized enamel.

Hypomineralized enamel may be found in connection with the condition molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH), which has a prevalence of around 15% in most parts of the world. Molar incisor hypomineralization is associated with extensive objective and subjective problems, such as hypersensitivity of the affected teeth, enamel breakdown, and problems with retention of restorations. The etiology behind MIH has not yet been elucidated, but a number of possible factors, which affect the same or different functions of ameloblasts during their different stages of maturation, have been suggested.

Detection of HPV mRNA in Self-collected Vaginal Samples Among Women at 69-70 Years of Age.

Background/aim: Cervical cancer is associated with poorer diagnosis among the elderly and pap-smear screening has a lower sensitivity. Self-sampling for detection of high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) may be an alternative screening method. The aim of this study was to analyze the response rate to vaginal HPV self-sampling and the HPV mRNA prevalence among women 69-70 years.

Becoming a mother - Mothers' experience of Kangaroo Mother Care.

Objective: To describe mothers' experiences of providing their preterm infants with Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC).

Study Design: A qualitative descriptive design.

Setting: Two level III neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Sweden.

Oral health and oral health risk behaviour in children with and without externalising behaviour problems.

Aim: This was to study children with early detected externalising behaviour problems compared to matched controls regarding oral health, oral health risk behaviour and the parental evaluation of the child's oral health and dental care.

Methods: Children aged 10-13 years and with externalising behaviour problems, were compared to matched controls. Behavioural characteristics were based on the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire.

Limitations of oxygen uptake and leg muscle activity during ascending evacuation in stairways.

Stair ascending performance is critical during evacuation from buildings and underground infrastructures. Healthy subjects performed self-paced ascent in three settings: 13 floor building, 31 floor building, 33 m stationary subway escalator. To investigate leg muscle and cardiorespiratory capacities and how they constrain performance, oxygen uptake (VO), heart rate (HR) and ascending speed were measured in all three; electromyography (EMG) in the first two.

Molecular Insights into Covalently Stained Carious Dentine Using Solid-State NMR and ToF-SIMS.

Dyes currently used to stain carious dentine have a limited capacity to discriminate normal dentine from carious dentine, which may result in overexcavation. Consequently, finding a selective dye is still a challenge. However, there is evidence that hydrazine-based dyes, via covalent bonds to functional groups, bind specifically to carious dentine.

Behavioural characteristics in externalising children with low and elevated risk for dental caries.

Aim: To compare two groups of children with externalising behaviour problems, having low and elevated caries risk, respectively. Those parameters were assessed in relation to behavioural characteristics and family structure, and to compare the caries risk assessment and gender differences in relation to children in general in the Region of Västra Götaland, Sweden.

Methods: Families (228) with children, aged 10-13 years, participating in parent training programmes, were recruited.

Individual risk factors associated with general unintentional injuries and the relationship to traumatic dental injuries among children aged 0-15 years in the Swedish BITA study.

Aim: To investigate general unintentional injuries (GUI) and traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in relation to behavioral and psychosocial strengths and difficulties among Swedish children aged 0-17 years, and to investigate general unintentional injuries in relation to temperament and socioeconomic status among the same children.

Subjects And Methods: The study included 2363 children in four different age cohorts aged 3, 7, 11, and 15 years at the study start. Twelve Public Dental Service clinics in Sweden participated, representing different types of demographic areas, both rural and urban.

Temperamental and socioeconomic factors associated with traumatic dental injuries among children aged 0-17 years in the Swedish BITA study.

Aim: The aim of the study was to identify individual risk factors for traumatic dental injuries (TDI) among Swedish children aged 0-17 years. The studied risk factors were temperamental reactivity of the child, family structure, parent's country of birth, and the socioeconomic status of the family represented by parental education and occupation.

Subjects And Methods: The study included 2363 children in four different age cohorts at 12 public dental service clinics in Sweden, representing different types of demographic areas, both rural and urban.

Microscopic study of dental hard tissues in primary teeth with Dentinogenesis Imperfecta Type II: Correlation of 3D imaging using X-ray microtomography and polarising microscopy.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the histological appearance of dental hard tissues in primary teeth from children with DI using conventional polarised light microscopy and correlate that with 3D imaging using X-ray microtomograpy (XMT) to gain a further understanding of the dentine structure of teeth diagnosed with dentinogenesis imperfecta.

Design: Undecalcified sections of primary teeth from patients diagnosed with Dentinogenesis Imperfecta Type II were examined using polarised light microscopy. XMT was employed for 3D-imaging and analysis of the dentine.

XRMA and ToF-SIMS Analysis of Normal and Hypomineralized Enamel.

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental disturbance of the enamel. This study presents analyses of hypomineralized and normal enamel in first molar teeth diagnosed with MIH, utilizing time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry area analyses and X-ray microanalysis of area and spot profiles in uncoated samples between gold lines which provide electrical conductivity. Statistical analysis of mean values allows discrimination of normal from MIH enamel, which has higher Mg and lower Na and P.

Analysis of carious dentine using FTIR and ToF-SIMS.

Apart from the Maillard reaction, other processes, such as esterification, take place in carious tissue. The aim of the present study was to analyse sound and carious dentine in terms of ester groups and their reaction with hydrazine derivate using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Carious and sound dentine from human premolars were excavated in three series (Experimental Parts I-III) and separated into inner and outer layers of carious dentine.

Deviations of inorganic and organic carbon content in hypomineralised enamel.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to discriminate hypomineralised enamel of permanent first molars from normal enamel by means of spectroscopic methods.

Methods: The present study was conducted using Multi spot Raman Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Results: Raman spectroscopy indicated significantly more B-type carbonate and hydrocarbons in hypomineralised enamel diagnosed as MIH (Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation).

Traumatic dental injuries among children aged 0-17 years in the BITA study - a longitudinal Swedish multicenter study.

Background/aim: To prevent traumatic dental injuries (TDI), there is a need for vital information. This information could be reached using certain specific variables. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate TDI in different age groups, their etiology, and differences by gender, in Swedish children aged 0-17 years.

Parental attitudes and experiences of dental care in children and adolescents with ADHD--a questionnaire study.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric condition characterized by age-inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsiveness or a combination of these. The aim of this study was to analyze parental attitudes to and experience of dental care, oral hygiene and dietary habits in children/adolescents with ADHD. Twenty- six parents of 31 subjects, 20 boys and 11 girls, aged 5-19 years with ADHD registered at the Gothenburg Child Neuropsychiatric Clinic, were invited.

Evaluation of X-ray microanalysis for characterization of dental enamel.

Elemental analysis of dental hard tissues is of importance. The aim of this study is to evaluate X-ray microanalysis (XRMA) of bovine enamel in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with different coatings. The buccal surface of bovine incisors was polished flat, one-third was coated with carbon, one-third with gold, leaving one-third uncoated for XRMA in an SEM equipped with an energy-dispersive microanalysis system.

Timing of mineralization of homologues permanent teeth--an evaluation of the dental maturation in panoramic radiographs.

Clinically the condition Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH),varies considerably between individuals, where any number of molars, from one to all four permanent first molars, may be affected with different degrees of hypomineralized enamel within the same dentition. An explanation to these variations could be that the start of the enamel mineralization differs between homologues teeth. The aim of this study was to compare the dental development between homologues teeth in digital panoramic radiographs (PRs),from children aged 7 to 11 years, using the Gleiser & Hunt method on second and third molars and to calculate the crown/root ratio for the mandibular premolars.

Prediction of symptomatic improvement after exposure-based treatment for irritable bowel syndrome.

Background: Several studies show that psychological treatments relieve symptoms for patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, there are no consistent findings that show what patient characteristics make a psychological treatment more or less likely to result in improvement. We have previously conducted a study of a newly developed internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) that emphasized exposure to IBS symptoms and IBS-related situations and reduced symptom-related avoidance.

Onset of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH).

The etiological factors and timing of the onset of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) are still not clear. The aim of this study was to examine ground radial and sagittal sections from teeth diagnosed with MIH using light microscopy, polarized light microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography (XMCT) and to estimate the onset and timing of the MIH and to relate the hypomineralized enamel to the incremental lines. Thirteen extracted permanent first molars diagnosed MIH, were analyzed with light microscopy and XMCT.

Slab coupled optical fiber sensor calibration.

This paper presents a method for calibrating slab coupled optical fiber sensors (SCOS). An automated system is presented for selecting the optimal laser wavelength for use in SCOS interrogation. The wavelength calibration technique uses a computer sound card for both the creation of the applied electric field and the signal detection.

Demineralization of enamel in primary second molars related to properties of the enamel.

Enamel structure is of importance in demineralization. Differences in porosity in enamel effect the rate of demineralization, seen between permanent and deciduous teeth. Individual differences have been shown in the mean mineral concentration values in enamel, the role of this in demineralization is not thoroughly investigated.