Factors leading to lapses in professional behaviour of Gynae residents in Pakistan: a study reflecting through the lenses of patients and family, consultants and residents.

Introduction: Professional behaviour is the first manifestation of professionalism. In teaching hospitals, the residents can be considered vulnerable to lapses in professional behaviour when they fail to meet the set standards of professionalism. Residents of some specialties are more at risk of lapses in professional behaviour due to the demanding nature of work.

Effect Of Graston Technique Versus Ischaemic Compression In Students Who Developed Neck Pain During Distance Learning In COVID-19: A Pilot Study Preceding The Randomised Clinical Trial.

Many people experienced neck pain during COVID-19 quarantine period due to prolonged use of electronic devices for academic activities and work from home. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Graston Technique versus Ischaemic Compression on pain, range of movement (ROM), and functional performance in students with neck pain, due to distance learning during COVID-19 pandemic. A pilot study (randomised clinical trial) was performed.

Speech language pathologists' self-report on counselling.

Objective: To determine the level of understanding among speech language pathologists regarding counselling.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted online from July 2020 to January 2021, and comprised speech language pathologists of either gender working in public or private institutions or clinics of Punjab, Sindh and KPK. Data was collected using the Self-report on counselling and interpersonal communication skills' questionnaire.

Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Erythromycin-Resistant Isolated from Bovine Mastitis and Humans in Close Contact.

() is a major causative agent of mastitis and is resistant to many antibiotics. Thus, there is a need to characterize the genetic determinants of erythromycin resistance, such as , and . The current study aimed to determine the phenotypic and genotypic erythromycin resistance profile and relatedness of recovered from bovine mastitis and humans in close contact.

Association of Oxidative Stress with Neurological Disorders.

Backgorund: Oxidative stress is one of the main contributing factors involved in cerebral biochemical impairment. The higher susceptibility of the central nervous system to reactive oxygen species mediated damage could be attributed to several factors. For example, neurons use a greater quantity of oxygen, many parts of the brain have higher concentraton of iron, and neuronal mitochondria produce huge content of hydrogen peroxide.

Revealed pathophysiological mechanisms of crosslinking interaction of affected vital organs in COVID-19.

SARS-CoV-2 is one of the main serious challenges of human societies, which emerged in December 2019 from China and quickly extends to all parts of the world. The virus was previously believed to only affect the lungs and respiratory system, but subsequent research has revealed that it affects a variety of organs. For this reason, this disease is known as a multiorgan disease.

Isolation, separation, identification, and quantification of bioactive methylated flavone regioisomers by UHPLC-MS/MS.

Methylated flavones, commonly found in many plants of the Brassicaceae family, have potent antioxidant and anticancer activity with diverse therapeutic potential. However, the specific regioisomers of methylated flavones can have significantly different biochemical and potentially therapeutic properties as shown by various bioassays but analytically differentiating these compounds has been technically challenging and rarely reported. In this study, we demonstrate differentiation and identification of selected bioactive methylated flavone regioisomers, namely 5,7,3'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone, and 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone extracted from , a member of the Brassicaceae family, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS).

Sleep Disorders Research From 1945 to 2020: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Background: The objective of the present review is to perform the 1st bibliometric analysis of sleep disorders research.

Methods: The data was retrieved from Scopus in July 2020 for detailed analysis.

Results: The 1st precise document about the sleep disorder was published in 1945.

Perception of speech and language pathologists towards augmentative and alternative communication in Pakistan.

Objective: To determine the level of understanding and use of augmentative and alternative communication devices in Pakistani speech pathologists..

Methods: The cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to June 2015 in six major cities of Pakistan: Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Lahore, Karachi, Quetta and Peshawar.

Measurement of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of medicinal plant Coronopus didymus.

Objective: To evaluate the total phenolic content and compare the antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts and fractions from the aerial parts of Coronopus didymus through various assays.

Methods: Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and the in vitro antioxidant activity of a number of different extracts was investigated in a dose-dependent manner with three different methods: the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. A flavone was isolated from the most active ethanolic extract with high antioxidant activity using size exclusion chromatography.

KIR3DL1/HLA-B Subtypes Govern Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Relapse After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

Purpose Disease relapse remains a major challenge to successful outcomes in patients who undergo allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Donor natural killer (NK) cell alloreactivity in HCT can control leukemic relapse, but capturing alloreactivity in HLA-matched HCT has been elusive. HLA expression on leukemia cells-upregulated in the post-HCT environment-signals for NK cell inhibition via inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like (KIR) receptors and interrupts their antitumor activity.

Novel spiroimidazopyridine derivative SAK3 improves methimazole-induced cognitive deficits in mice.

Methimazole (MMI) is a first-line therapy used to manage hyperthyroidism and Graves' disease. Despite its therapeutic benefit, chronic MMI administration can lead to hypothyroidism and perturb brain homeostasis in patients, resulting in neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and cognitive dysfunction. We recently developed the spiroimidazopyridine derivative SAK3 as cognitive enhancer; however, mechanisms underlying its activity remained unclear.

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Potential of One Hundred Medicinal Plants.

Reactive species are produced in biological system because of redox reactions. The imbalance in pro-oxidant and antioxidant homeostasis leads to the production of toxic reactive oxygen and nitrogen species like hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxides, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion and nitric oxide. Inactivation of metabolic enzymes, oxidation of biomolecules and cellular damage are some of the prominent characteristics of reactive species.

Bioassay-guided isolation of cytotoxic flavonoids from aerial parts of Coronopus didymus.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Coronopus didymus Linn. (Brassicaceae) is a medicinal plant used traditionally as antipyretic, expectorant, to purify blood and for alleviating symptoms of pain, inflammations, malaria, wounds and cancer.

Aim Of The Study: The present study was designed to isolate and identify the cytotoxic compounds responsible for anticancer activity from this traditionally useful medicinal plant.

HLA compatibility assessment and management of highly sensitized patients under the new kidney allocation system (KAS): A 2016 status report from twelve HLA laboratories across the U.S.

Twelve HLA laboratories were surveyed to assess the methods and operational issues involved to define highly sensitized patients and to assess HLA compatibility under the new kidney allocation system (KAS) in the U.S. All laboratories used single antigen bead assays both pre- and post-KAS to define both broad and allele-specific HLA antibodies.

Association of Oxidative Stress with Psychiatric Disorders.

Background: When concentrations of both reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species exceed the antioxidative capability of an organism, the cells undergo oxidative impairment. Impairments in membrane integrity and lipid and protein oxidation, protein mutilation, DNA damage, and neuronal dysfunction are some of the fundamental consequences of oxidative stress.

Methods: The purpose of this work was to review the associations between oxidative stress and psychological disorders.

Ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa protects Fe(II) induced lipid peroxidation in rat's brain, kidney and liver homogenates.

The study describes the effect of ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa against Fe(II) induced lipid peroxidation. Basal and Fe(II) induced thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) production was significantly inhibited by the ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa at 25-200 μg/ml. Our data revealed that the extract has high DPPH radical scavenging activity at highest tested concentrations.

HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, and -DQ Matching in Pancreas Transplantation: Effect on Graft Rejection and Survival.

To enhance selection of appropriate deceased donors for pancreas transplants, we sought to determine whether HLA matching improved posttransplantation outcomes. In this single-center study of 1219 pancreas transplants, we correlated posttransplantation outcomes with HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, and -DQ matches and mismatches. Rejection was linearly correlated with the number of mismatches.

Impact of Allele-Level HLA Mismatch on Outcomes in Recipients of Double Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation.

The impact of allele-level HLA mismatch is uncertain in recipients of double umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation. We report a single-center retrospective study of the clinical effect of using allele-level HLA mismatch HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, and -DQB1 of the 2 UCB units. We studied 342 patients with hematologic malignancy.

Multiple mismatches at the low expression HLA loci DP, DQ, and DRB3/4/5 associate with adverse outcomes in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

A single mismatch in highly expressed HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1 loci (HEL) is associated with worse outcomes in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, while less is known about the cumulative impact of mismatches in the lesser expressed HLA loci DRB3/4/5, DQ, and DP (LEL). We studied whether accumulation of LEL mismatches is associated with deleterious effects in 3853 unrelated donor transplants stratified according to number of matches in the HEL. In the 8/8 matched HEL group, LEL mismatches were not associated with any adverse outcome.

Common and well-documented HLA alleles: 2012 update to the CWD catalogue.

We have updated the catalogue of common and well-documented (CWD) human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles to reflect current understanding of the prevalence of specific allele sequences. The original CWD catalogue designated 721 alleles at the HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DRB3/4/5, -DQA1, -DQB1, and -DPB1 loci in IMGT (IMmunoGeneTics)/HLA Database release 2.15.

Dillenia suffruticosa exhibited antioxidant and cytotoxic activity through induction of apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Dillenia suffruticosa (Family: Dilleniaceae) locally known as Simpoh air has been reported to be used traditionally to treat cancerous growth. Therefore, the present study was attempted to investigate the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of different parts (root, flower, fruit and leaf) of D. suffruticosa extracts.

Inter and intra laboratory concordance of HLA antibody results obtained by single antigen bead based assay.

Single antigen bead based assays (SAB) to identify antibodies to HLA are marketed as a qualitative test, however often used as a quantitative test as the results provide mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) which is found to correlate with the strength/avidity of the antibody. We studied the between and within laboratory variability in performing the SAB from one manufacturer. Ten samples were tested at four laboratories according to the manufacturer's suggested protocol.

Allele-level haplotype frequencies and pairwise linkage disequilibrium for 14 KIR loci in 506 European-American individuals.

The immune responses of natural killer cells are regulated, in part, by killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). The 16 closely-related genes in the KIR gene system have been diversified by gene duplication and unequal crossing over, thereby generating haplotypes with variation in gene copy number. Allelic variation also contributes to diversity within the complex.

A combined DPA1~DPB1 amino acid epitope is the primary unit of selection on the HLA-DP heterodimer.

Here, we present results for DPA1 and DPB1 four-digit allele-level typing in a large (n = 5,944) sample of unrelated European American stem cell donors previously characterized for other class I and class II loci. Examination of genetic data for both chains of the DP heterodimer in the largest cohort to date, at the amino acid epitope, allele, genotype, and haplotype level, allows new insights into the functional units of selection and association for the DP heterodimer. The data in this study suggest that for the DPA1-DPB1 heterodimer, the unit of selection is the combined amino acid epitope contributed by both the DPA1 and DPB1 genes, rather than the allele, and that patterns of LD are driven primarily by dimer stability and conformation of the P1 pocket.