[Acute osteomyelitis in young children--a diagnostic challenge].

Background: Acute osteomyelitis in young children poses a diagnostic challenge. Signs and symptoms are often not well defined and blood tests (SR, CRP etc.) are often of limited value.

[Endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children].

In the five-year period 1990-95, 102 patients, 78 girls and 24 boys, aged ten weeks to 14 years were treated for grade III-V vesicoureteral reflux by the same surgeon using subureteric teflon injection--the STING procedure. Both primary, secondary and complex reflux were included. The reflux had disappeared in 90 of 133 refluxing ureters, the grade of reflux had diminished in 17 and were unchanged in 26 at the control three months after treatment.

[Endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children].

In the five-year period 1990-95, 102 patients, 78 girls and 24 boys, aged ten weeks to 14 years were treated for grade III-V vesicoureteral reflux by the same surgeon using subureteric teflon injection--the STING procedure. Both primary, secondary and complex reflux were included. The reflux had disappeared in 90 of 133 refluxing ureters, the grade of reflux had diminished in 17 and were unchanged in 26 at the control three months after treatment.

MR urography in children: current status and future development.

The normal anatomy and many pathologies of the pediatric genitourinary system can be assessed with different imaging modalities. Most of them are based on the use of ionizing radiation and/or invasive techniques. The contribution of magnetic resonance imaging in this regard has opened new ways of approaching pathological conditions in this patient group.

MR urography: the future gold standard in paediatric urogenital imaging?

Background: Examination of the paediatric urogenital tract is traditionally performed using methods that utilise ionising radiation, such as intravenous urography (IVU), computerised tomography (CT), voiding cystourethrography (VCU), and scintigraphy, in addition to ultrasound (US).

Objective: To determine the potential and effectiveness of MR urography (MRU) in infants and children. Materials and methods.

Lipoblastoma: MRI appearances of a rare paediatric soft tissue tumour.

Lipoblastoma is a rare, benign soft-tissue tumour derived from embryonic fat. Four patients with tumours located in the upper limb are reported, with special reference to imaging techniques and histology. Radical surgical excision is essential to prevent local recurrence and exact imaging techniques are thus crucial.

Severe craniofacial malformations and deglutition dysfunction in a brother and sister: new syndrome?

We report seemingly unique craniofacial malformations and deglutition dysfunction in a sib pair. The boy had right maxillomandibular alveolar synechae, ankylosis of right temporomandibular joint, hypoplasia of the zygomatico-maxillary region, nasal deviation to the left, choanal stenosis, and exophthalmos due to shallow orbita. His ears were apparently low-set with prominent lobules.

[Nutritional rickets--an old disease with new relevance].

Rickets caused by poor nutrition was widespread in Norway at the beginning of this century. Today it is a very rare disease among Norwegian children. During the last 20 years, however, it has become quite common among immigrant children who have come from developing countries to live in Norway.

[Nutritional rickets. An old disease with new relevance].

Rickets caused by poor nutrition was widespread in Norway at the beginning of this century. Today it is a very rare disease among Norwegian children. During the last 20 years, however, it has become quite common among immigrant children who have come from developing countries to live in Norway.

[Balloon dilatation of postoperative esophageal stenoses in children].

During the period 1987-92, seven patients (two girls and five boys under one year of age) were dilated for strictures following oesophageal atresia operation. The total number of dilatations was 47. Six out of seven patients were treated successfully.

Prenatal diagnosis of urinary tract anomalies. The value of two ultrasound examinations.

Objective: To determine when fetal urinary tract anomalies were detected by ultrasound screening during pregnancy and to discuss the possible consequences if only one early ultrasound examination is performed.

Design: A retrospective study of 47 cases where fetal urinary tract malformations were diagnosed in a two-stage screening program (17th and 32nd week of gestation) covering 22,310 women over ten years, 1982-91.

Setting: Ullevål University Hospital in Oslo which serves as a referral center for obstetric and neonatal diseases.

[Invagination in children. New diagnostic and therapeutic aspects].

Based on the literature and our own experience, we recommend ultrasound examination as a routine in infants and small children with acute abdominal pain. If a pseudotumour is diagnosed, with suspicion of an intussusception, we verify the diagnosis by an air enema, and also use this for treatment under the surveillance of fluoroscopy and a conventional blood pressure manometer. The results are encouraging.

Orofaciodigital syndrome type I in a girl with unilateral tibial pseudarthrosis.

The orofaciodigital syndromes are a group of possibly seven different malformation syndromes including oral, facial, and digital malformations. Type I has X linked dominant inheritance whereas the other types show autosomal recessive inheritance. An exact diagnosis is therefore important for genetic counselling.

Ultrasonography in patients with suspected acute appendicitis: a prospective study.

The diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution real-time ultrasonography was prospectively studied in 240 patients admitted to the hospital with suspected acute appendicitis. The criteria for ultrasound diagnosis of appendicitis included a sausage-shaped, aperistaltic, hypoechoic structure when imaged along its longitudinal axis, with a target-like appearance on transverse section. The ultrasonographic findings were correlated with surgical-pathological outcome in 82 cases with proven appendicitis, with laparotomy findings in another 21 patients and with clinical follow-up in the remainder.

Ultrasonography and parameters of inflammation in acute appendicitis. A comparison with clinical findings.

A prospective study of 110 unselected patients with suspected acute appendicitis comprised ultrasonography and parameters of inflammation--c-reactive protein, white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and Yersinia antibody titer. The results were compared with the initial clinical diagnosis. Acute appendicitis was confirmed in 28 cases (prevalence 25.

Cholesteatomas of the temporal bone. Preoperative C-T versus peroperative findings.

In a series of 25 ears with chronic otitis media the correlation between findings obtained by preoperative C-T of the temporal bone and observations made at surgery was evaluated. The study was performed "blindly", i.e.

Experiences with iohexol (Omnipaque) at urography.

In a prospective study of 547 pediatric intravenous pyelographies with a new non-ionic contrast medium (iohexol), only 5 (0.9%) minor reactions were observed. The higher price seems justified, and iohexol is strongly recommended in neonates as well as older children.

Radiological findings in children with respiratory syncytial virus infection: relationship to clinical and bacteriological findings.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a frequent cause of bronchiolitis leading to acute admission to hospital in the winter months. A wide range of findings accompanies this disease and the appearances are seldom completely diagnostic. Associated bacterial co-infections are common and we have shown an association with atelectasis among patients with pathogenic bacteria in the nasopharynx.