Status in Brain Gliomas Can Be Predicted by the Spherical Mean MRI Technique.

Background And Purpose: Diffuse gliomas, a heterogeneous group of primary brain tumors, have traditionally been stratified by histology, but recent insights into their molecular features, especially the mutation status, have fundamentally changed their classification and prognosis. Current diagnostic methods, still predominantly relying on invasive biopsy, necessitate the exploration of noninvasive imaging alternatives for glioma characterization.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study, we investigated the utility of the spherical mean technique (SMT) in predicting the status and histologic grade of adult-type diffuse gliomas.

The effectiveness of diabetes training of psychiatric health professionals on individuals with diabetes and psychiatric disorders - a pragmatic controlled trial in Denmark.

Background: Individuals with diabetes and co-existing psychiatric disorders have more diabetes complications and lower life expectancy than those with diabetes but no co-existing psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric health professionals may have a role in improving these outcomes but often lack diabetes knowledge and skills. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of a diabetes training course for psychiatric health professionals on their diabetes knowledge and skills and clinical outcomes, diabetes support and diabetes distress among individuals with diabetes and psychiatric disorders treated in psychiatric outpatient clinics.

ESR Essentials: basic physics of MR safety-practice recommendations by the European Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and Biology.

Objectives: The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is safe from a long-term perspective since there are no known cumulative risks for patients or personnel. However, the technique comes with several acute risks associated with the powerful electromagnetic fields that are necessary to produce medical images. These risks include, among other things, a projectile hazard, loud noise, and the risk of heating.

Expanded Stability of Layered SnSe-PbSe Alloys and Evidence of Displacive Phase Transformation from Rocksalt in Heteroepitaxial Thin Films.

Bulk PbSnSe has a two-phase region, or miscibility gap, as the crystal changes from a van der Waals-bonded orthorhombic 2D layered structure in SnSe-rich compositions to the related 3D-bonded rocksalt structure in PbSe-rich compositions. This structural transition drives a large contrast in the electrical, optical, and thermal properties. We realize low temperature direct growth of epitaxial PbSnSe thin films on GaAs via molecular beam epitaxy using an PbSe surface treatment and show a significantly reduced two-phase region by stabilizing the layered structure out to PbSnSe, beyond the bulk limit around PbSnSe at low temperatures.

How is trauma-focused therapy experienced by adults with PTSD? A systematic review of qualitative studies.

Background: Trauma-focused therapies (TFTs) are first-line treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, TFTs are under-utilised, partly due to clinicians' and patients' fear that TFT is too challenging or harmful. We review the qualitative studies on how adults with PTSD experience TFTs to enhance the understanding of user perspectives, therapeutic processes, and outcomes.

Internet-based acceptance and commitment therapy for transdiagnostic treatment of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and chronic pain: A development pilot study.

Objective: Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a transdiagnostic, behavioral treatment focusing on common processes behind different diagnoses. Internet-based treatment programs can improve access to treatment and easily be integrated into the individual's life.

Method: This single-arm, pre-post-follow-up pilot study examined the acceptability, safety, and effectiveness of internet-based ACT (iACT) for participants with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic pain treated at a tertiary pain clinic.

Radiological outcomes following surgical fixation with wires versus moulded cast for patients with a dorsally displaced fracture of the distal radius: a radiographic analysis from the DRAFFT2 trial.

Aims: The primary aim of this study was to report the radiological outcomes of patients with a dorsally displaced distal radius fracture who were randomized to a moulded cast or surgical fixation with wires following manipulation and closed reduction of their fracture. The secondary aim was to correlate radiological outcomes with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in the year following injury.

Methods: Participants were recruited as part of DRAFFT2, a UK multicentre clinical trial.

Investigating cognitive reserve, symptom resolution and brain connectivity in mild traumatic brain injury.

Background: A proportion of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) suffer long-term consequences, and the reasons behind this are still poorly understood. One factor that may affect outcomes is cognitive reserve, which is the brain's ability to maintain cognitive function despite injury. It is often assessed through educational level or premorbid IQ tests.

White matter abnormalities mediate the association between masticatory dysfunction and cognition among older adults.

Background: Masticatory parameters, such as reduced number of teeth and posterior contacts, have been shown to be associated with reduced cognitive status. The underlying mechanisms that affect these associations, are however, not well understood.

Objectives: The study aims to investigate the association between masticatory dysfunction and cognition and explore the mediating effect of brain structure.

The Danish Trauma Database for Refugees (DTD): A Multicenter Database Collaboration-Overcoming the Challenges and Enhancing Mental Health Treatment and Research for Refugees.

Mental health of trauma-affected refugees is an understudied area, resulting in inadequate and poorer treatment outcomes. To address this, more high-quality treatment studies that include predictive analyses, long-term evaluations, cultural adaptations, and take account for comorbidities, are needed. Moreover, given the complex intertwining of refugees' health with post-migration stressors and other social factors, it is crucial to examine the social determinants of refugee mental health.

Relations between PTSD symptom clusters and pain in three trauma-exposed samples with pain.

Objectives: Little is known about how the individual PTSD symptom clusters relate to intensity and interference of pain and whether these relationships differ across clinical groups. The present study examines relations between PTSD symptom clusters and pain in three trauma-exposed, unique clinical groups: 1) adults seeking treatment for chronic pain with current symptoms of PTSD, 2) trauma affected refugees seeking treatment for PTSD and chronic pain; and 3) individuals identified at admission to the emergency ward after whiplash injury.

Methods: Network analysis was used to assess unique relations between pain intensity, pain interference, re-experiencing, avoidance, numbing, hyperarousal, depression, and anxiety separately in each sample.

Cognitive and mental fatigue in chronic pain: cognitive functions, emotional aspects, biomarkers and neuronal correlates-protocol for a descriptive cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Chronic pain (CP) is one of the most frequently presenting conditions in health care and many patients with CP report mental fatigue and a decline in cognitive functioning. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown.

Methods And Analysis: This study protocol describes a cross-sectional study aimed at investigating the presence of self-rated mental fatigue, objectively measured cognitive fatigability and executive functions and their relation to other cognitive functions, inflammatory biomarkers and brain connectivity in patients with CP.

Adverse childhood experiences among children of parents who are refugees affected by trauma in Denmark: a register-based cohort study.

Background: Children in families who are refugees might experience more adversities than their peers. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are well known risk factors for poorer adulthood health and adjustment. The risk of ACEs for children with a parent who is a refugee affected by trauma is unknown.

A Framework for Identification, Assessment and Prioritization of Climate Change Adaptation Measures for Roads and Railways.

Severe accidents and high costs associated with weather-related events already occur in today's climate. Unless preventive measures are taken, the costs are expected to increase in future due to ongoing climate change. However, the risk reduction measures are costly as well and may result in unwanted impacts.

Cognitive changes and neural correlates after oral rehabilitation procedures in older adults: a protocol for an interventional study.

Background: Epidemiological studies show an association between masticatory function and cognitive impairment. This has further strengthened the notion that tooth loss and impaired masticatory function may be risk factors for dementia and cognitive decline. Animal experiments have indicated a causal relationship and several possible mechanisms have been discussed.

Engineering the Berreman mode in mid-infrared polar materials.

We demonstrate coupling to and control over the broadening and dispersion of a mid-infrared leaky mode, known as the Berreman mode, in samples with different dielectric environments. We fabricate subwavelength films of AlN, a mid-infrared epsilon-near-zero material that supports the Berreman mode, on materials with a weakly negative permittivity, strongly negative permittivity, and positive permittivity. Additionally, we incorporate ultra-thin AlN layers into a GaN/AlN heterostructure, engineering the dielectric environment above and below the AlN.

Normal Olfactory Functional Connectivity Despite Lifelong Absence of Olfactory Experiences.

Congenital blindness is associated with atypical morphology and functional connectivity within and from visual cortical regions; changes that are hypothesized to originate from a lifelong absence of visual input and could be regarded as a general (re) organization principle of sensory cortices. Challenging this is the fact that individuals with congenital anosmia (lifelong olfactory sensory loss) display little to no morphological changes in the primary olfactory cortex. To determine whether olfactory input from birth is essential to establish and maintain normal functional connectivity in olfactory processing regions, akin to the visual system, we assessed differences in functional connectivity within the olfactory cortex between individuals with congenital anosmia (n = 33) and matched controls (n = 33).

Phenotypic variability in chorea-acanthocytosis associated with novel mutations.

Objective: To perform a comprehensive characterization of a cohort of patients with chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc) in Sweden.

Methods: Clinical assessments, targeted genetic studies, neuroimaging with MRI, [F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET, and dopamine transporter with I FP-CIT (DaTscan) SPECT. One patient underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).

Morphological changes in secondary, but not primary, sensory cortex in individuals with life-long olfactory sensory deprivation.

Individuals with congenital sensory deprivation usually demonstrate altered brain morphology in areas associated with early processing of the absent sense. Here, we aimed to establish whether this also applies to individuals born without a sense of smell (congenital anosmia) by comparing cerebral morphology between 33 individuals with isolated congenital anosmia and matched controls. We detected no morphological alterations in the primary olfactory (piriform) cortex.

Pre-treatment pain predicts outcomes in multimodal treatment for tortured and traumatized refugees: a pilot investigation.

: Chronic pain is a common comorbid complaint in traumatized refugees seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. However, the effect of comorbid pain on treatment remains under investigated. : To investigate whether pre-treatment pain (severity/interference) predicts outcomes in a multimodal treatment targeting PTSD, depression, anxiety, somatic complaints, and health-related disability in refugees exposed to torture and organized violence.

Pain and posttraumatic stress disorder in refugees who survived torture: The role of pain catastrophizing and trauma-related beliefs.

Background: Traumatized refugees with comorbid pain report more severe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), respond less well to PTSD-focused treatments and exhibit greater disability. A mutually maintaining relationship may exist between pain and PTSD, that may be partly accounted for by depression, but no prior studies have tested this assumption in traumatized refugees.

Method: Self-report measures of pain, PTSD, depression, disability, pain catastrophizing (PC) and trauma-related beliefs (TRBs) were administered to 197 refugees referred to the Danish Institute Against Torture (DIGNITY) prior to treatment.

Fatigue and Cognitive Fatigability in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury are Correlated with Altered Neural Activity during Vigilance Test Performance.

Introduction: Fatigue is the most frequently reported persistent symptom following a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), but the explanations for the persisting fatigue symptoms in mTBI remain controversial. In this study, we investigated the change of cerebral blood flow during the performance of a psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) by using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) MRI technique to better understand the relationship between fatigability and brain activity in mTBI.

Material And Methods: Ten patients (mean age: 37.

Mid-wave infrared narrow bandwidth guided mode resonance notch filter.

We have designed, fabricated, and characterized a guided mode resonance notch filter operating in the technologically vital mid-wave infrared (MWIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The filter provides a bandstop at λ≈4.1  μm, with a 12 dB extinction on resonance.