The anomalous state of Uranus's magnetosphere during the Voyager 2 flyby.

The Voyager 2 flyby of Uranus in 1986 revealed an unusually oblique and off-centred magnetic field. This single in situ measurement has been the basis of our interpretation of Uranus's magnetosphere as the canonical extreme magnetosphere of the solar system; with inexplicably intense electron radiation belts and a severely plasma-depleted magnetosphere. However, the role of external forcing by the solar wind has rarely been considered in explaining these observations.

Informing Planetary Protection Policies for the Future Exploration of Ceres: State of Understanding after the Dawn Mission.

We review the current state of understanding of Ceres as it relates to planetary protection policy for future landed missions, including for sample return, to the dwarf planet. The Dawn mission found Ceres to be an intriguing target for a mission, with evidence for the presence of regional, possibly extensive liquid at depth, and local expressions of recent and potentially ongoing activity. The Dawn mission also found a high abundance of carbon in the regolith, interpreted as a mix of carbonates and amorphous carbon, as well as locally high concentrations of organic matter.

Observations of a Solar Energetic Particle Event From Inside and Outside the Coma of Comet 67P.

We analyze observations of a solar energetic particle (SEP) event at Rosetta's target comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko during 6-10 March 2015. The comet was 2.15 AU from the Sun, with the Rosetta spacecraft approximately 70 km from the nucleus placing it deep inside the comet's coma and allowing us to study its response.

In Search of Subsurface Oceans Within the Uranian Moons.

The mission to Jupiter discovered magnetic signatures associated with hidden subsurface oceans at the moons Europa and Callisto using the phenomenon of magnetic induction. These induced magnetic fields originate from electrically conductive layers within the moons and are driven by Jupiter's strong time-varying magnetic field. The ice giants and their moons are also ideal laboratories for magnetic induction studies.

The Radiation Environment of Ceres and Implications for Surface Sampling.

Ceres is a large water-rich dwarf planet located within the asteroid belt. Its surface displays evidence of material sourced from a deep subsurface liquid brine layer within recent geologic time, making it a candidate ocean world with possible present-day activity. However, Ceres lacks a substantial atmosphere and likely does not possess a global magnetic field.

A transient enhancement of Mercury's exosphere at extremely high altitudes inferred from pickup ions.

Mercury has a global dayside exosphere, with measured densities of 10 cm at ~1500 km. Here we report on the inferred enhancement of neutral densities (<10 cm) at high altitudes (~5300 km) by the MESSENGER spacecraft. Such high-altitude densities cannot be accounted for by the typical exosphere.

Bolometric Bond Albedo and Thermal Inertia Maps of Mimas.

In 2011 a thermally anomalous region was discovered on Mimas, Saturn's innermost major icy satellite (Howett et al., 2011). The anomalous region is a lens-like shape located at low latitudes on Mimas' leading hemisphere.

The NASA Roadmap to Ocean Worlds.

In this article, we summarize the work of the NASA Outer Planets Assessment Group (OPAG) Roadmaps to Ocean Worlds (ROW) group. The aim of this group is to assemble the scientific framework that will guide the exploration of ocean worlds, and to identify and prioritize science objectives for ocean worlds over the next several decades. The overarching goal of an Ocean Worlds exploration program as defined by ROW is to "identify ocean worlds, characterize their oceans, evaluate their habitability, search for life, and ultimately understand any life we find.

A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Norwegian Parents of Very Low Birthweight Infants Enrolled in a Randomized Nutritional Trial.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine how parents of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants experienced having their newborn infant enrolled in a randomized controlled intervention trial (RCT).

Design And Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was used. Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews with 15 parents of 9 participating VLBW infants.

Hope in Parents of Very-Low Birth Weight Infants and its Association with Parenting Stress and Quality of Life.

Purpose: Being a parent of a very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infant can be stressful. We aimed to describe parental hope 42months after the birth of a VLBW infant and determine whether there is an association between hope and parenting stress with quality of life (QoL), respectively.

Design And Methods: Fifty-nine parents of VLBW infants completed questionnaires about hope, parenting stress and QoL.

Quality of life in parents of preterm infants in a randomized nutritional intervention trial.

Background: Being a parent of a very-low birth weight (VLBW, birth weight <1,500 g) infant is challenging because of the numerous complications these infants may encounter, many of which are caused by inadequate nutrition. Whether the burden to the parents increases when their VLBW infant participates in a randomized intervention trial (RCT) and is thus exposed to additional risk is unknown.

Objective: To examine parental qualify of life (QoL) and well-being after participation of their VLBW infants in a nutrition RCT.

Detection of a strongly negative surface potential at Saturn's moon Hyperion.

On 26 September 2005, Cassini conducted its only close targeted flyby of Saturn's small, irregularly shaped moon Hyperion. Approximately 6 min before the closest approach, the electron spectrometer (ELS), part of the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) detected a field-aligned electron population originating from the direction of the moon's surface. Plasma wave activity detected by the Radio and Plasma Wave instrument suggests electron beam activity.

Improved Visual Perception in Very Low Birth Weight Infants on Enhanced Nutrient Supply.

Background: Optimal nutrient supply to very low birth weight (VLBW: BW <1,500 g) infants is important for growth and neurodevelopment. Growth restriction is common among these infants and may be associated with neurocognitive impairments.

Objectives: To compare an enhanced nutrient supply to a routine supply given to VLBW infants and to evaluate the effects on visual perception of global form and motion measured by visual event-related potentials (VERP).