Towards a modified consumer haptic device for robotic-assisted fine-motor repetitive motion training.

Purpose: To develop, test and evaluate affordable haptic technology to provide robotic-assisted repetitive motion fine-motor training.

Methods: A haptic computer/user interface was modified by adding a pantograph to hold a pen and to increase the haptic workspace. Custom software moves a pen attached to the device through prescribed three-dimensional (3D) stroke sequences to create two-dimensional glyphs.

Prevalence of mucosal abnormalities of the maxillary sinus and their relationship to dental disease in panoramic radiography: results from the Health 2000 Health Examination Survey.

Background: Mucosal thickening and mucosal antral cyst (MAC) in the maxillary sinus are incidental findings in panoramic radiographs.

Methods: The study sample consisted of 5021 participants in a nationally representative Health 2000 Health Examination Survey using panoramic radiography.

Results: The prevalence of mucosal thickening was 12% and of MACs 7%, both being twice as frequent in men as in women.