Age estimation on post-mortem CT based on pelvic bone mineral density measurement and the state of putrefaction: a multivariate method.

Age-at-death estimation is an important issue in forensic medicine and anthropology. Initially, methods relied on morphological criteria, but with the advancement of radiology, new techniques such as morphological studies on multi-slice computed tomography (CT) reconstructions have emerged. Recent studies have shown promising results by investigating the correlation between age and bone mineral density (BMD).

Death following cylindrical battery ingestion associated with toxic manganese levels.

Cases of battery ingestion are well documented in the scientific literature, especially concerning button cell battery ingestion in children. In this instance, the authors present an atypical case of a young man who voluntarily ingested a cylindrical alkaline battery containing manganese. The patient died approximately a week later, despite not exhibiting any specific symptoms.

Immunohistologic Features of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Due to Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia.

Objectives: Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), a recently described entity characterized by thrombosis at unusual locations such as cerebral venous sinus and splanchnic vein, has been rarely described after adenoviral-encoded COVID-19 vaccines. In this study, we report the immunohistological correlates in 3 fatal cases of cerebral venous thrombosis related to VITT analyzed at an academic medical center.

Methods: Detailed neuropathologic studies were performed in 3 cases of cerebral venous thrombosis related to VITT after adenoviral COVID-19 vaccination.

Machine Learning Analysis of the Anatomical Parameters of the Upper Airway Morphology: A Retrospective Study from Cone-Beam CT Examinations in a French Population.

The objective of this study is to assess, using cone-beam CT (CBCT) examinations, the correlation between hard and soft anatomical parameters and their impact on the characteristics of the upper airway using symbolic regression as a machine learning strategy. On each CBCT, the upper airway was segmented, and 24 anatomical landmarks were positioned to obtain six angles and 19 distances. Some anatomical landmarks were related to soft tissues and others were related to hard tissues.

Contribution of the use of clavicle bone density in age estimation.

Age estimation is an essential element in the field of forensics and is also of judicial interest in forensic medicine of the living. Despite all the methods, age estimation is often imprecise with many biases, especially in mature individuals. The main objective of our study is to assess the correlation between age and computed tomography bone mineral density of the medial end of the clavicle.

Sucrose Is Not the Whole Story: Risk Factors and Oral Health at the Contact (Yakutia, Siberia-16th/19th).

(1) Background: contact between indigenous and European populations has often resulted in changes in oral health attributed to the introduction of sucrose. Most studies are per tooth over considerable periods and with few ethnological references. (2) Aim: dental epidemiology of 96 autochthonous frozen bodies from Yakutia between the early 17th century and the late 19th century; comparisons with historical texts and ethnographic data.

Age estimation based on computed tomography exploration: a combined method.

Despite an extensive number of existing methods, age estimation of human remains is still an unsolved matter in the field of forensic anthropology, especially when it comes to mature adults. The specific aim of this work was to propose a combined method for age estimation, for forensic purposes, by coupling the Suchey-Brooks method and the measure of the pubic bone density. For this purpose, we used an independent test sample comprising 339 CT scans of living individuals aged 15 to 99 years old.

Sexual dimorphism of the mandibular conformational changes in aging human adults: A multislice computed tomographic study by geometric morphometrics.

The aging process has an impact on mandibular bone morphology and can therefore affect shape sexual dimorphism. Understanding the effect of senescence on mandibular shape changes is particularly important to correctly estimate the sex of an individual and predict age-related conformational modifications. The purpose of this study was to assess age-related changes in mandibular shape and sexual dimorphism.

No particular genomic features underpin the dramatic economic consequences of 17 century plague epidemics in Italy.

The 17 century plague epidemic had a particularly strong demographic toll in Southern Europe, especially Italy, where it caused long-lasting economical damage. Whether this resulted from ineffective sanitation measures or more pathogenic strains remains unknown. DNA screening of 26 skeletons from the 1629-1630 plague cemetery of Lariey (French Alps) identified two teeth rich in plague genetic material.

The last battle of Anne of Brittany: Solving mass grave through an interdisciplinary approach (paleopathology, biological anthropology, history, multiple isotopes and radiocarbon dating).

Mass graves are usually key historical markers with strong incentive for archeological investigations. The identification of individuals buried in mass graves has long benefitted from traditional historical, archaeological, anthropological and paleopathological techniques. The addition of novel methods including genetic, genomic and isotopic geochemistry have renewed interest in solving unidentified mass graves.

Gunshot residue detection in stagnant water: SEM-EDX or ICP-MS? A preliminary study.

The identification of gunshot residue (GSR) on wounds enables the differentiation of entry and exit wounds. Unfortunately, studies analyzing GSR on degraded bodies have been poorly documented, and no data exist regarding GSR detection after stagnant water immersion. The aim of this preliminary experimental study was to detect GSR on wounds altered in stagnant water, using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X (SEM-EDX) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

[Compensation of damage in cancerology].

In a few situations, the consequences secondary to a carcinological pathology require an assessment of damages for compensatory purposes. This is particularly the case when liable parties have been found to be at cause of the disease: occupational pathologies in the case of inexcusable employer's fault, exposure to a radioactive risk, for example in the context of full compensation for damages suffered by the victims of nuclear experiments performed by France, or lastly, in the after-effects of late diagnosis. This article does not discuss the imputability of cancer pathologies to an event, but it proposes an adaptation of methods for assessing damages, in an attempt to provide full compensation for damages.

Comparison of different machine learning approaches to predict dental age using Demirjian's staging approach.

Context: Dental age, one of the indicators of biological age, is inferred by radiological methods. Two of the most commonly used methods are using Demirjian's radiographic stages of permanent teeth excluding the third molar (Demirjian's and Willems' method). The major drawbacks of these methods are that they are based on population-specific conversion tables and may tend to over- or underestimate dental age in other populations.

The cardiovascular health of prisoners who use cannabis: An exploratory study among hospitalised prisoners.

Objective: It is essential that health professionals who practice medicine in prison rely on accurate knowledge about their patients to provide them with adapted care. The use of cannabis can influence the health status of prisoners, but data are lacking regarding the potentially related adverse health consequences. The objective of this descriptive study was to describe the cardiovascular outcomes related to cannabis use in prisoners from several detention centres hospitalised in a French hospital.

Technical note: age estimation by using pubic bone densitometry according to a twofold mode of CT measurement.

In forensic anthropology, age estimation is a major element in the determination of a biological profile and the identification of individuals. Thus, many anatomical structures have been studied, such as the pubic symphysis, which is a source of major interest due to its late maturation. One of the most well-known methods of assessment is the Suchey-Brooks (SB) system based on the morphological characteristics of the pubic symphysis.

Sexual and ethnic polymorphism result in considerable mismatch between native trochlear geometry and off-the-shelf TKA prostheses.

Purpose: To determine if trochlear morphology in healthy knees depends on sex and ethnicity, and to compare it to off-the-shelf TKA prostheses.

Methods: Three retrospective series of CT angiograms from France (female, 124; male, 135), China (female, 122; male, 137) and South Africa (female, 21; male, 62) were used to digitize osseous landmarks at the level of the femoral epicondyles. Sulcus angle, trochlear rotation, lateral trochlear inclination, trochlear asymmetry ratio, and trochlear depth index were quantified for each knee and for 10 total knee arthroplasty (TKA) models.

Geometric morphometric study of the early shape of the hip bone (os coxae): variations with age and sex.

Data regarding sexual dimorphism in children are sparse with contradictory results. Recently, geometric morphometric analysis has shown that the pubis and ilium have both sexual shape dimorphism and shape differences that increase during ontogeny, but little is known about the entire pelvic (os coxae) bone shape in very young children. The goal of this study was to show pelvic bone age-related and sex-related shape changes using 3D geometric morphometric analysis in very young children.

Sex estimation in the cranium and mandible: a multislice computed tomography (MSCT) study using anthropometric and geometric morphometry methods.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to analyze the respective contribution of the skull and mandible to sex estimation in an entire cranium using metric and geometric morphometric methods and multislice computed tomography (MSCT) analysis.

Materials: The study sample comprised 120 individuals aged 23 to 84 years and divided into three groups (whole sample and over or under 40 years of age).

Methods: Forty-eight osteometric landmarks were positioned using Osirix®, 34 for the cranium and 14 for the mandible.

Incidental Findings in Dental Radiology are Concerning for Family Doctors.

Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) is an imaging technology increasingly used in dentistry. Depending on the size of the examination area, visualization of anatomical structures outside the indication area may reveal incidental findings (IF). The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to 1) evaluate the frequency, location and different types of incidental findings (IF) revealed during CBCT examinations; 2) identify potential influencing factors such as gender or age; 3) highlight what the family doctor should know about CBCT and the benefits for medical care.