Effect of magnetic resonance imaging protocol on decision-making for positioning of dental implants in edentulous cases.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the influence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol on the decision-making for the positioning of dental implants in edentulous arches in comparison to planning based on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials And Methods: One phantom was scanned with CBCT and two MRI protocols (T1- and T2-weighted). Two calibrated examiners performed digital implant planning (coDiagnostiX, Dental Wings), considering a digital prosthetic planning and alveolar ridge surface scan.

Artifacts in magnetic resonance imaging of the head and neck: Unwanted effects caused by implant-supported restorations fabricated with different alloys.

Statement Of Problem: Implant-supported restorations may cause artifacts in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head and neck area. However, the effect of different alloys remains unclear.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess artifacts in head and neck MRI caused by implant-supported restorations with different alloys.

Frequency and impact of enteric hyperoxaluria in pediatric short bowel syndrome: a retrospective single centre study.

Objectives: The survival of pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome has improved in recent years. Enteric hyperoxaluria as a pathophysiological consequence has been hardly addressed so far. It can be associated with nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis or even renal insufficiency.

SEMAC + VAT for Suppression of Artifacts Induced by Dental-Implant-Supported Restorations in Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of SEMAC + VAT to reduce artifacts induced by dental implant-supported restorations, such as its impact on the image quality. Dental-implant supported restorations were installed in a dry mandible. Magnetic resonance scans were acquired on a 3-Tesla MRI system.

Design and synthesis of chromophores with enhanced electro-optic activities in both bulk and plasmonic-organic hybrid devices.

This study demonstrates enhancement of in-device electro-optic activity a series of theory-inspired organic electro-optic (OEO) chromophores based on strong (diarylamino)phenyl electron donating moieties. These chromophores are tuned to minimize trade-offs between molecular hyperpolarizability and optical loss. Hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) measurements demonstrate that these chromophores, herein described as BAH, show >2-fold improvement in standard chromophores such as JRD1, and approach that of the recent BTP and BAY chromophore families.

Trabecular Bone Assessment Using Magnetic-Resonance Imaging: A Pilot Study.

The aim of this study was to assess trabecular bone morphology via magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) using microcomputed tomography (µCT) as the control group. Porcine bone samples were scanned with T1-weighted turbo spin echo sequence imaging, using TR 25 ms, TE 3.5 ms, FOV 100 × 100 × 90, voxel size 0.

Magnetic resonance imaging artifacts produced by dental implants with different geometries.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the MRI-artifact pattern produced by titanium and zirconia dental implants with different geometries (diameter and height).

Methods: Three titanium (Titan SLA, Straumann) and three zirconia (Pure Ceramic Implant, Straumann) dental implants differing on their design (diameter x height) were installed in porcine bone samples. Samples were scanned with a MRI (3T, T1W turbo spin echo sequence, TR/TE 25/3.

Clot Analog Attenuation in Non-contrast CT Predicts Histology: an Experimental Study Using Machine Learning.

Exact histological clot composition remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify the best imaging variables to be extrapolated on clot composition and clarify variability in the imaging of thrombi by non-contrast CT. Using a CT-phantom and covering a wide range of histologies, we analyzed 80 clot analogs with respect to X-ray attenuation at 24 and 48 h after production.

Computational anatomy of the dens axis evaluated by quantitative computed tomography: Implications for anterior screw fixation.

The surgical fracture fixation of the odontoid process (dens) of the second cervical vertebra (C2/axis) is a challenging procedure, particularly in elderly patients affected by bone loss, and includes screw positioning close to vital structures. The aim of this study was to provide an extended anatomical knowledge of C2, the bone mass distribution and bone loss, and to understand the implications for anterior screw fixation. One hundred and twenty standard clinical quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scans of the intact cervical spine from 60 female and 60 male European patients, aged 18-90 years, were used to compute a three-dimensional statistical model and an averaged bone mass model of C2.

Polymer waveguides for electro-optical integration in data centers and high-performance computers.

To satisfy the intra- and inter-system bandwidth requirements of future data centers and high-performance computers, low-cost low-power high-throughput optical interconnects will become a key enabling technology. To tightly integrate optics with the computing hardware, particularly in the context of CMOS-compatible silicon photonics, optical printed circuit boards using polymer waveguides are considered as a formidable platform. IBM Research has already demonstrated the essential silicon photonics and interconnection building blocks.

Epidemiologically non-feasible singleton reactors at the final stage of BoHV1 eradication: serological evidence of BoHV2 cross-reactivity.

A voluntary marker-independent Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV1) eradication program started in 1986; in 1998 it changed to a compulsory one. Certification of free regions in European member states is based on Article 10 of directive 64/432/EEC. According to this rule Bavaria is listed as free of BoHV1 since October 2011.

Insights into the dynamics of endemic Coxiella burnetii infection in cattle by application of phase-specific ELISAs in an infected dairy herd.

Serological diagnosis of acute and chronic Q fever in humans relies on detection of antibodies to phase I (PhI) and II (PhII) antigens of Coxiella (C.) burnetii. Although phase-specific antigens are available, they are not yet used in ruminants as they are in humans.

Syndrome of arachnomelia in Simmental cattle.

Background: The syndrome of arachnomelia is an inherited malformation mainly of limbs, back and head in cattle. At present the arachnomelia syndrome has been well known mainly in Brown Swiss cattle. Nevertheless, the arachnomelia syndrome had been observed in the Hessian Simmental population during the decade 1964-1974.

Prediction of antiangiogenic treatment efficacy by iron oxide enhanced parametric magnetic resonance imaging.

Rationale And Objectives: Tools for monitoring modern target-specific antiangiogenic and antivascular therapies are highly desirable because treatment strategies are time consuming, expensive, and yet sometimes ineffective. Therefore, the aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the predictive value of steady-state ultrasmall particles of iron oxide (USPIO; SH U 555 C)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for early assessment of antivascular tumor-treatment effectiveness.

Methods: Mice were inoculated with an HT-1080 fibrosarcoma xenograft and subjected to target-specific antivascular therapy using a selective thrombogenic vascular-targeting agent (truncated tissue factor fused to RGD peptide) or saline as control.

Antiangiogenic tumor treatment: early noninvasive monitoring with USPIO-enhanced MR imaging in mice.

Purpose: To prospectively investigate steady-state blood volume measurements for early quantitative monitoring of antiangiogenic treatment with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO)-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.

Materials And Methods: The institutional animal care committee approved all experiments. HT-1080 fibrosarcoma-bearing nude mice were injected with a thrombogenic vascular targeting agent (VTA) (11 nude mice, 20 tumors) or saline (12 nude mice, 20 tumors).

Assessment of bone marrow angiogenesis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia by using contrast-enhanced MR imaging with clinically approved iron oxides: initial experience.

Purpose: To prospectively assess bone marrow (BM) angiogenesis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by using iron oxide-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.

Materials And Methods: The study was institutional ethics committee approved. Informed signed consent was obtained from each study participant.

The position of the aorta relative to the spine before and after anterior instrumentation in right thoracic scoliosis.

Study Design: Preoperative magnetic resonance images (MRI) and postoperative axial computed tomography (CT) scans in 25 consecutive patients with idiopathic right thoracic adolescent scoliosis (AIS) and anterior correction and fusion with a dual rod system were analyzed in a prospective study.

Objectives: Evaluation of the spatial relations between the vertebral body and the aorta and the relative migration of the aorta due to the anterior correction and instrumentation in right thoracic scoliosis patients.

Summary Of Background Data: In anterior scoliosis surgery, bicortical screw purchase is performed to increase pullout strength.

Anterior dual rod instrumentation in idiopathic thoracic scoliosis: a computed tomography analysis of screw placement relative to the aorta and the spinal canal.

Study Design: Axial computed tomography scans (CT) in 20 consecutive patients with idiopathic right thoracic scoliosis and anterior correction and fusion with a dual rod dual screw system.

Objectives: CT evaluation of screw position in anterior dual rod instrumentation relative to the aorta and the spinal canal.

Summary Of Background Data: In anterior scoliosis surgery, bicortical screw purchase is used to increase pullout strength.

CT-based accuracy of implanting custom-made endoprostheses.

Background: To optimize physiological load transfer and mechanical stability a close geometric fit between cementless stems and the bone stock is essential. To solve the problem of a geometric mismatch between the anatomic shape of the femoral canal and conventional stems custom-made implants were developed. This study determined the accuracy of implanting custom-made press-fit straight femoral stems compared to conventional cementless stems.

CT colonography: Protocol optimization with multi-detector row CT--study in an anthropomorphic colon phantom.

Purpose: To determine optimal detector collimation, section thickness, and tube current for multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) colonography.

Materials And Methods: An anthropomorphic colon phantom with simulated polyps of varying size (2, 6, 8, 10, and 12 mm) was examined by using multi-detector row CT with varying combinations of detector collimation (4 x 1.0 mm and 4 x 2.

[Feasibility of serological bulk milk testing as a method for BVD surveillance].

A commercial ELISA detecting antibodies against bovine viral diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) was analysed for its applicability for bulk-milk screening. Detection limits were analysed using native and concentrated milk samples (milk treated with rennet and ammonium sulfate precipitated) from 10 cows whose sera showed different reactivity levels in the ELISA and from two cows which gave birth to persistently infected calves during the last year. Further this and a second commercial ELISA were used to screen 591 randomly selected bulk-milk samples.

[Antibody titer against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in bulk milk samples from Bavaria].

A total of 5204 bulk milk samples were tested for antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) classified according to the scheme after Alenius. Forty-five percent of the samples from 2002 were classified as class 0 and class 1, 55% as class 2 and 3. 6420 bulk milk samples from 1997 were classified in an independent study in 65.

Local differences in the trabecular bone structure of the proximal femur depicted with high-spatial-resolution MR imaging and multisection CT.

Rationale And Objectives: The authors performed this study to investigate structural variations in the trabecular bone of the proximal femur at high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and high-resolution multisection computed tomography (CT).

Materials And Methods: Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in 36 proximal human femur specimens by using dual x-ray absorptiometry. High-resolution MR imaging was performed at 1.

Optimizing presurgical orthodontic planning by means of the transverse coordinate simulation system (TCSS).

Introduction: When planning bilateral sagittal split osteotomies according to Obwegeser and Dal Pont, inaccuracies in the presurgical prediction of the transverse osteotomy gaps may occur. This is due to limitations of plaster models when simulating surgery on an articulator.

Aim: This paper demonstrates the transverse coordinate simulation system which allows presurgical prediction of the transverse discrepancy between the tooth bearing and the proximal segment after displacement, thus minimizing uncertainty for the surgeon.

Public domain computer-aided surgery (CAS) in orthodontic and maxillofacial surgery.

Background: Computer-aided virtual three-dimensional (3D) surgical simulation assists the necessary visual understanding of complex pathological situations but has so far been dependent on expensive hardware and software.

Method: For the first time a non-commercial, user-orientated application for orthognathic and craniofacial surgical simulation has been introduced, based on freeware NIH Image 1.62 provided by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH).