Patients' Use of e-Consultations as an Alternative to Other General Practitioner Services: Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

Background: e-Consultations, defined as asynchronous text-based messaging, have transformed how patients interact with their general practitioner (GP). While e-consultations can improve patient access to GP care, concerns about increased workload for GPs are raised.

Objective: This study aimed to address three research questions: (1) For what purpose and with what expectations do patients initiate e-consultations? (2) If e-consultations had not been available, what alternative actions would the patient have taken? and (3) How are the alternative actions associated with patient and e-consultation characteristics?

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through a web-based survey on Helsenorge.

The Impact and Wider Implications of Remote Consultations for General Practice in Norway: Qualitative Study Among Norwegian Contract General Practitioners.

Background: The digital shift toward remote consultations in general practice needs ongoing monitoring to understand its impact on general practice organizations and the wider health care system.

Objective: This study aimed to explore how remote consultations impact on contracted general practitioner (GP) practices and how GPs perceive the implications of this uptake for the overall health care system.

Methods: In total, 5 focus groups were conducted with a total of 18 GPs from all 4 health regions of Norway in 2022.

Loss of bmp15 function in the seasonal spawner Atlantic salmon results in ovulatory failure.

Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) is an oocyte-specific growth factor important for successful female reproduction in mammals. While mutations in BMP15/Bmp15 cause ovulatory deficiency and/or infertility in certain mammalian species, loss of bmp15 in zebrafish, a continuous spawner and the only bmp15 knockout model in fish to date, results in complete arrest of follicle development and later female-to-male sex reversal, preventing to examine effects on ovulation/fertilization. Here, we used Atlantic salmon, a seasonal spawner, and generated bmp15 mutants to investigate ovarian development and fertility.

The role of multiple vitellogenins in early development of fishes.

Functions of vitellogenins have been in the limelight of fish reproductive physiology research for decades. The Vtg system of acanthomorph teleosts consists of two complete forms of Vtgs (VtgAa and VtgAb) and an incomplete form, VtgC. Insufficient uptake and processing of Vtgs and their yolk proteins lead to inadequate oocyte hydration ensuing failure in acquisition of egg buoyancy and early developmental deficiencies.

Loss of Fshr Prevents Testicular Maturation in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.).

Early puberty poses a significant challenge for male Atlantic salmon in aquaculture due to its negative impact on growth and welfare. The regulation of puberty in vertebrates involves 2 key reproductive hormones: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and their gonadal receptors. In male mice lacking FSH receptor, testes size is reduced, but fertility is maintained, while medaka and zebrafish with a disrupted fshr gene exhibit near normal testis size and fertility.

Primary care gatekeeping during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey of 1234 Norwegian regular GPs.

Background: In the Nordic healthcare systems, GPs regulate access to secondary health services as gatekeepers. Limited knowledge exists about the gatekeeper role of GPs during public health crises seen from the perspective of GPs.

Aim: To document GPs' gatekeeper role and organisational changes during the initial COVID-19 lockdown in Norway.

Functional Evolution of Clustered Aquaporin Genes Reveals Insights into the Oceanic Success of Teleost Eggs.

Aquaporin-mediated oocyte hydration is considered important for the evolution of pelagic eggs and the radiative success of marine teleosts. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms controlling this vital process are not fully understood. Here, we analyzed >400 piscine genomes to uncover a previously unknown teleost-specific aquaporin-1 cluster (TSA1C) comprised of tandemly arranged aqp1aa-aqp1ab2-aqp1ab1 genes.

General Practitioners' Experiences With Potentials and Pitfalls of Video Consultations in Norway During the COVID-19 Lockdown: Qualitative Analysis of Free-Text Survey Answers.

Background: The use of video consultations (VCs) in Norwegian general practice rapidly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. During societal lockdowns, VCs were used for nearly all types of clinical problems, as in-person consultations were kept to a minimum.

Objective: This study aimed to explore general practitioners' (GPs') experiences of potentials and pitfalls associated with the use of VCs during the first pandemic lockdown.

Older patients' experiences of access to and use of e-consultations with the general practitioner in Norway: an interview study.

Objective: To explore older patients' experiences with accessing and using e-consultations to send text-based clinical inquiries to the general practitioner (GP) online.

Design: Qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews. Results were analysed through a six-phase thematic analysis and interpreted through Levesque's framework of patient-centred access to health care.

The Piwil1 N domain is required for germ cell survival in Atlantic salmon.

Genetic introgression of farmed salmon into wild populations can damage the genetic integrity of wild stocks and is therefore considered as an environmental threat. One possible solution is to induce sterility in farmed salmon. We have searched for proteins potentially essential for germline survival in Atlantic salmon.

Quantitative proteome profiling reveals molecular hallmarks of egg quality in Atlantic halibut: impairments of transcription and protein folding impede protein and energy homeostasis during early development.

Background: Tandem mass tag spectrometry (TMT labeling-LC-MS/MS) was utilized to examine the global proteomes of Atlantic halibut eggs at the 1-cell-stage post fertilization. Comparisons were made between eggs judged to be of good quality (GQ) versus poor quality (BQ) as evidenced by their subsequent rates of survival for 12 days. Altered abundance of selected proteins in BQ eggs was confirmed by parallel reaction monitoring spectrometry (PRM-LC-MS/MS).

The impact of clinical experience on working tasks and job-related stress: a survey among 1032 Norwegian GPs.

Background: General practice is a generalist discipline fraught with complexity. For inexperienced physicians, it may be demanding to get to grips with the clinical challenges. The purpose of this article is to describe possible differences in the range of tasks between inexperienced and experienced general practitioners (GPs), and the extent to which clinical experience affects the way in which GPs perceive their daily work.

Pituitary Gonadotropin Gene Expression During Induced Onset of Postsmolt Maturation in Male Atlantic Salmon: and Tissue Culture Studies.

Precocious male maturation causes reduced welfare and increased production costs in Atlantic salmon () aquaculture. The pituitary produces and releases follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh), the gonadotropin triggering puberty in male salmonids. However, little is known about how Fsh production is regulated in Atlantic salmon.

Long-term feeding of Atlantic salmon with varying levels of dietary EPA + DHA alters the mineral status but does not affect the stress responses after mechanical delousing stress.

Atlantic salmon were fed diets containing graded levels of EPA + DHA (1·0, 1·3, 1·6 and 3·5 % in the diet) and one diet with 1·3 % of EPA + DHA with reduced total fat content. Fish were reared in sea cages from about 275 g until harvest size (about 5 kg) and were subjected to delousing procedure (about 2·5 kg), with sampling pre-, 1 h and 24 h post-stress. Delousing stress affected plasma cortisol and hepatic mRNA expression of genes involved in oxidative stress and immune response, but with no dietary effects.

Heterochiasmy and the establishment of gsdf as a novel sex determining gene in Atlantic halibut.

Atlantic Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) has a X/Y genetic sex determination system, but the sex determining factor is not known. We produced a high-quality genome assembly from a male and identified parts of chromosome 13 as the Y chromosome due to sequence divergence between sexes and segregation of sex genotypes in pedigrees. Linkage analysis revealed that all chromosomes exhibit heterochiasmy, i.

The stress response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): identification and functional characterization of the corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) paralogs.

Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) is one of the main mediators of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Interrenal (HPI) axis to stress response. In Atlantic salmon, a comparative understanding of the crf1 paralogs role in the stress response is still incomplete. Our database searches have identified four crf1 genes in Atlantic salmon, named crf1a1, crf1a2, crf1b1 and crf1b2.

Loss of Increases Germ Cell Apoptosis but Is Still Compatible With Sperm Production in Atlantic Salmon ().

Entering meiosis strictly depends on () gene function in mammals. This gene is missing in a number of fish species, including medaka and zebrafish, but is present in the majority of fishes, including Atlantic salmon. Here, we have examined the effects of removing on male fertility in Atlantic salmon.

Suitability of Video Consultations During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: Cross-sectional Survey Among Norwegian General Practitioners.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic imposed an acute, sharp rise in the use of video consultations (VCs) by general practitioners (GPs) in Norway.

Objective: This study aims to document GPs' experiences with the large-scale uptake of VCs in the natural experiment context of the pandemic.

Methods: A nationwide, cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Norwegian GPs during the pandemic lockdown (April 14-May 3, 2020).

Complex issues in general practice - a prevalence study.

Background: The contract GP scheme in Norway has been a success, but the scheme's sustainability has been weakened. In summer 2017, the so-called Trønder rebellion arose among GPs who wished to analyse the situation. In order to obtain a better understanding of their total daily workload, all GPs in Norway were invited to record all their activity on a typical day in their practices.

PGE2 inhibits spermatogonia differentiation in zebrafish: interaction with Fsh and an androgen.

Changes in zebrafish testicular gene expression induced by follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) or anti-Mullerian hormone (Amh) suggested that Amh inhibition and Fsh stimulation of spermatogenesis involved up and downregulation, respectively, of prostaglandin (PG) signaling. We found that Sertoli cells contacting type A undifferentiated (Aund) and differentiating (Adiff) spermatogonia expressed a key enzyme of PG production (Ptgs2); previous work showed that Sertoli cells contacting Adiff and B spermatogonia and spermatocytes showed ptges3b expression, an enzyme catalyzing PGE2 production. In primary testis tissue cultures, PGE2, but not PGD2 or PGF2α, reduced the mitotic activity of Adiff and their development into B spermatogonia.

Correction to: Entry into puberty is reflected in changes in hormone production but not in testicular receptor expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors would like to apologize for an error in Fig. 5e, the correct graph is presented below and shows the significant increase in pituitary mRNA levels of fshb in recruited males in the SGA stage.