A case-control study of influenza vaccine effectiveness among Malaysian pilgrims attending the Haj in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To determine influenza vaccine effectiveness against clinically defined influenza-like illness among Malaysian pilgrims attending the Haj in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: During February and March 2000, the authors conducted an unmatched case-control study. Case patients were identified at one of five hotel clinics, while controls were residents of these hotels who had not attended a clinic.

The absence of factor V Leiden mutation in Malays with recurrent spontaneous abortions.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of factor V Leiden mutation in Malay women with recurrent spontaneous abortion and to clarify the contribution of the factor V Leiden mutation to recurrent miscarriages in these women.

Design: A prospective case control study between June 1999 and April 2000.

Setting: Hospital University Science of Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, and Maternal and Child Health Clinic, Pasir Mas, Kelantan, Malaysia.