Optimal Timing of Thyroid Hormone Replacement During Ramadan Fasting: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Patients with Prior Total Thyroidectomy.

Fasting during Ramadan may be challenging for patients on levothyroxine (LT4), as the drug has a narrow therapeutic index and is administered on an empty stomach. The majority of Muslims who fast in Ramadan have two meals per day, iftar immediately after sunset and suhoor just before dawn. This study aimed at evaluating the impact of LT4 timing during Ramadan on thyrotropin (TSH) levels in patients who underwent total thyroidectomy to determine the best timing for intake and identify the predictors of TSH level changes.

A comprehensive review of biopsy techniques for oculoplastic and orbital surgeons from ophthalmic pathologists' perspective.

This narrative review aims to discuss different modalities for obtaining diagnostic orbital biopsies, compares the available updated methods, and provides recommendations on the choice of technique. It also highlights special precautions in the handling of orbital specimens from various pathologies. A search was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar with no language or study type restriction.

Willingness and Motivation of Saudi Patients with Keratoconus to Participate in Clinical Trials.

Introduction Keratoconus is a bilateral non-inflammatory ectasia, characterized by well-described histopathological changes such as stromal thinning, epithelial iron deposition, and breaks in Bowman's layer. The success of clinical intervention among patients with keratoconus is widely determined by randomized clinical trials, and despite associated difficulties, such trials may improve vision and quality of life. Aim This study aimed to assess the willingness of patients with keratoconus in Saudi Arabia to undergo clinical trials.

Association of Retinal Vascular Manifestation and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): A Narrative Review.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by frequent episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the airway during sleep causing repeated episodes of apnea. OSA is more prevalent in middle-aged and older adults. OSA is associated with numerous ocular manifestations, including retinal manifestations.