Publications by authors named "Nora R Bakken"
The observation that the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease is reduced in individuals with high premorbid cognitive functioning, higher educational attainment, and occupational status has led to the 'cognitive reserve' hypothesis. This hypothesis suggests that individuals with greater cognitive reserve can tolerate a more significant burden of neuropathological changes before the onset of cognitive decline. The underpinnings of cognitive reserve remain poorly understood, although a shared genetic basis between measures of cognitive reserve and Alzheimer's disease has been suggested.
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- The study highlights the extensive overlap between anxiety disorders (ANX) and major depression (MD), suggesting that most genetic analyses fail to account for this comorbidity, potentially skewing results.
- The research objective is to clarify the genetic and causal relationships between ANX and MD by performing disorder-specific analyses using data from large cohorts like the UK Biobank and Norwegian MoBa.
- Findings show that ANX and MD have a lower genetic correlation when considered separately (0.53) compared to when they are comorbid (0.90), along with evidence of bidirectional causality in comorbid cases, indicating more complex interactions than previously understood.
Article Synopsis
- Childhood and adolescence often see the emergence of mood and anxiety disorders, with overlapping genetic factors potentially influencing emotional and behavioral difficulties.
- The study analyzed data from over 54,000 children in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort to discern how genetic predispositions (polygenic scores) relate to development patterns of these disorders.
- Results indicated that higher genetic risk correlates with a baseline increase and accelerated progression of behavioral issues, while specific genetic profiles linked uniquely to certain emotional disorders were identified.
Background: Adolescent self-reported psychotic experiences are associated with mental illness and could help guide prevention strategies. The Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) was developed over 20 years ago. In a rapidly changing society, where new generations of adolescents are growing up in an increasingly digital world, it is crucial to ensure high reliability and validity of the questionnaire.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaternal Fiber Intake During Pregnancy and Development of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms Across Childhood: The Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study.
Biol Psychiatry
May 2024
Article Synopsis
- Maternal diet quality, particularly fiber intake during pregnancy, may play a significant role in reducing ADHD symptoms in children.
- A large study involving over 21,000 families found that higher maternal fiber intake was linked to lower ADHD symptom levels in offspring at ages 3, 5, and 8.
- The research suggests that low fiber intake during pregnancy could increase the risk of ADHD symptoms in children, regardless of genetic and environmental factors.
Importance: Premenstrual disorders are heritable, clinically heterogenous, with a range of affective spectrum comorbidities. It is unclear whether genetic predispositions to affective spectrum disorders or other major psychiatric disorders are associated with symptoms of premenstrual disorders.
Objective: To assesss whether symptoms of premenstrual disorders are associated with the genetic liability for major psychiatric disorders, as indexed by polygenic risk scores (PRSs).
Background: Mood and anxiety disorders account for a large share of the global burden of disability. Some studies suggest that early signs may emerge already in childhood. However, there is a lack of well-powered, prospective studies investigating how and when childhood mental traits and trajectories relate to adolescent mood and anxiety disorders.
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