The Biochemical Status of Vitamin A and Alpha-tocopherol during Different Stages of Renal Disease and its Relationship to Diabetes.

The status of vitamin A, alpha-tocopherol and retinol binding protein (RBP) was investigated in 34 type 2 diabetic patients with renal impairment (mean serum creatinine 176 micromol/L), 26 type 2 diabetic patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) (mean serum creatinine 629 micromol/L) and 19 non-diabetic patients with CRF. In renal failure patients, the change in response to the dialysis procedure over the time for all the measured parameters was evaluated. Fasting plasma retinol, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

Evaluation of antenatal services in a primary health care setting in Riyadh.

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