Henle fibre layer haemorrhage: clinical features and pathogenesis.

Background: To describe the clinical presentation and characteristic imaging features of deep retinal haemorrhages primarily located in the Henle fibre layer (HFL) of the macula. The spectrum of aetiologies and a comprehensive theory of pathogenesis are presented.

Methods: This is a retrospective, multicentre case series evaluating eyes with retinal haemorrhage in HFL.

Bilateral Myelinated Retinal Nerve Fibers Associated With Bilateral Vitreous Cysts and Solitary Vasoproliferative Tumor: A New Syndrome.

The authors report a case of a 57-year-old male with high myopia, extensive bilateral myelination of the retinal nerve fiber layer, bilateral vitreous cysts, and a solitary vasoproliferative tumor in the right eye. He underwent pars plana vitrectomy and multiple transpupillary thermotherapy treatments for recurrent vitreous hemorrhages and subretinal exudation from the vasoproliferative tumor. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of this constellation of findings and suggests this represents a new syndrome.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings in Coats' Disease.

Background And Objective: To describe optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings in patients with unilateral Coats' disease.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective, observational case series of four patients with unilateral Coats' disease who underwent bilateral OCTA imaging.

Results: Bilateral macular OCTA findings of eight eyes are described.

Subconjunctival Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Keratoprosthesis-Associated Cystoid Macular Edema.

The authors present a case of keratoprosthesis-associated cystoid macular edema (CME) responsive to subconjunctival bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA). A 40-year-old woman with a history of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and Boston keratoprosthesis type I implantation developed CME 10 months after surgery and received sub-Tenon's kenalog with minimal improvement. Sixteen months after surgery, she received a subconjunctival injection of bevacizumab and demonstrated visual and anatomic improvement.

CHARACTERIZING THE EFFECT OF ANTI-VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR THERAPY ON TREATMENT-NAIVE CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY.

Purpose: To use optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to characterize the effects of anti-VEGF injections on treatment-naive choroidal neovascularization (CNV).

Methods: From August 2014 to May 2015, treatment-naive eyes with CNV were scanned using a prototype OCTA system on a commercially available SD-OCT device (Optovue Inc, Fremont, CA). Optical coherence tomography angiography scans were obtained before anti-VEGF injection and at follow-up visits.

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of sympathetic ophthalmia with Dalen-Fuchs nodules.

The authors present a case of sympathetic ophthalmia with Dalen-Fuchs nodules visualized with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). An 84-year-old man presented with floaters and decreased vision 25 years after penetrating trauma to the fellow eye. Examination revealed vitritis and subretinal lesions consistent with Dalen-Fuchs nodules.

Plekhg4 is a novel Dbl family guanine nucleotide exchange factor protein for rho family GTPases.

Mutations in the PLEKHG4 (puratrophin-1) gene are associated with the heritable neurological disorder autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia. However, the biochemical functions of this gene product have not been described. We report here that expression of Plekhg4 in the murine brain is developmentally regulated, with pronounced expression in the newborn midbrain and brainstem that wanes with age and maximal expression in the cerebellar Purkinje neurons in adulthood.

Regulation of proto-oncogenic dbl by chaperone-controlled, ubiquitin-mediated degradation.

The dbl proto-oncogene product is a prototype of a growing family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that stimulate the activation of small GTP-binding proteins from the Rho family. Mutations that result in the loss of proto-Dbl's amino terminus produce a variant with constitutive GEF activity and high oncogenic potential. Here, we show that proto-Dbl is a short-lived protein that is kept at low levels in cells by efficient ubiquitination and degradation.