Evaluating Advanced Machine Learning Models for Histopathological Diagnosis of Hansen Disease.

Introduction: Leprosy is a neglected infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis and remains a public health challenge in tropical regions. Therefore, the development of technological tools such as machine learning (ML) offers an opportunity to innovate strategies for improving the diagnosis of this complex disease.

Objective: To validate the utility of different ML models for the histopathological diagnosis of Hansen disease.

Leprosy reactions: Unraveling immunological mechanisms underlying tissue damage in leprosy patients.

Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infectious and disabling disease caused by two mycobacteria, Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Acute inflammatory responses, known as leprosy reactions, are significant contributors to disabilities. Three types of leprosy reactions have been identified based on excessive cytokine release (e.

Prevalence and risk factors of anemia in the mother-child population from a region of the Colombian Caribbean.

Background: Despite Colombia's robust well-child visits program, Colombian children and mothers still suffer from anemia, especially in populations of lower socioeconomic status. In this study, we aimed to quantify the prevalence and risk factors among mothers and their children attending their well-child visits in Apartadó, a municipality in the Urabá region of the Colombian Caribbean.

Methods: There were 100 mother-child pairs enrolled in this secondary data-analysis study from a health facility in the municipality of Apartadó, Urabá, Colombia, during well-child visits.

High seropositivity against NDO-LID in a group of household contacts of leprosy patients. Are we close to leprosy elimination in Colombia?

Introduction: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by two mycobacteria (Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis). The household contacts (HHC) of leprosy index cases are at higher risk of being infected with these mycobacteria. Therefore, serological testing in HHC would be an effective strategy to eliminate leprosy in Colombia.

Pilot study of the productivity and seroprevalence in pigs administered organic acids.

Control of in pig/pork production is important to protect public health because pork is one of the main sources of human infection. Moreover, antimicrobial use in pig farms should be kept low to minimize development and transmission of antimicrobial resistance. This pilot study evaluated the productivity and seroprevalence in pigs administered organic acids (OA) compared to pigs given growth promoters in one farm in Antioquia, Colombia.

Transcription Factor HES-1: How Is the Expression of This Transcriptional Factor in Paucibacillary Leprosy Patients?

Introduction: Leprosy is an ancient and chronic infectious disease caused by 2 mycobacteria (Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis). Recently, our research group observed that HES-1, an innate cellular component of the Notch signaling pathway, is related to the pathogenesis of leprosy. Therefore, it could be helpful in its detection.

Transcriptional changes during metacyclogenesis of a Colombian Trypanosoma cruzi strain.

During its life cycle, Trypanosoma cruzi undergoes physiological modifications in order to adapt to insect vector and mammalian host conditions. Metacyclogenesis is essential, as the parasite acquires the ability to infect a variety of mammalian species, including humans, in which pathology is caused. In this work, the transcriptomes of metacyclic trypomastigotes and epimastigotes were analyzed in order to identify differentially expressed genes that may be involved in metacyclogenesis.

Neuropathic ulcers in leprosy: clinical features, diagnosis and treatment.

Leprosy is a neglected disease caused by and s, and is related to significant disabilities resulting from the neural damage generated by this mycobacteria. Neuropathic ulcers-lesions that can appear at the plantar and extra-plantar levels-are one such disability, and diagnosis requires an adequate dermatological, neurological and microbiological evaluation. The treatment of these lesions is based on a multidisciplinary approach that includes debridement of the necrotic tissue, controlling infections, reducing pressure areas, optimising blood flow, and nerve decompression.

Mycobacterium lepromatosis as Cause of Leprosy, Colombia.

Leprosy is a granulomatous infection caused by infection with Mycobacterium leprae or M. lepromatosis. We evaluated skin biopsy and slit skin smear samples from 92 leprosy patients in Colombia by quantitative PCR.

Advances in the treatment of Chagas disease: Promising new drugs, plants and targets.

Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is treated with only two drugs; benznidazole and nifurtimox. These drugs have some disadvantages, including their efficacy only in the acute or early infection phases, adverse effects during their use, and the resistance that the parasite has developed to their activity. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new, safe and effective therapeutic alternatives to treat Chagas disease, though governments and the pharmaceutical industry have shown a lack of interest in contributing to this solution.

Innate immune response: ally or enemy in cutaneous leishmaniasis?

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an infectious and neglected disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania, which produces a wide spectrum of cutaneous manifestations. CL research has shown that the innate immune activity of cells such as neutrophils, natural killers, macrophages, dendritic cells and the complement system are capable of controlling this infection. However, Leishmania can also modulate the immune activity of these cells to promote its own survival and proliferation at the intracellular level.

Oct-6 transcriptional factor a possible biomarker for leprosy diagnosis.

Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that affects the skin and nerves. The nerve damage in leprosy may be related to alterations in transcriptional factors, such as Krox-20, Oct-6, Sox-10. Thirty skin biopsies in leprosy patients and 15 non-leprosy skin biopsies were evaluated using RT-qPCR to assess Krox-20, Oct-6, and Sox-10 and these data was related with S-100 immunohistochemistry.

Cholangiocyte derived carcinomas and local microbiota.

Trillions of bacteria are present in the gastrointestinal tract as part of the local microbiota. Bacteria have been associated with a wide range of gastrointestinal diseases including malignant neoplasms. The association of bacteria in gastrointestinal and biliary tract carcinogenesis is supported in the paradigm of Helicobacter pylori and intestinal-type gastric cancer.

Biliary Tract Carcinogenesis Model Based on Bile Metaproteomics.

To analyze human and bacteria proteomic profiles in bile, exposed to a tumor vs. non-tumor microenvironment, in order to identify differences between these conditions, which may contribute to a better understanding of pancreatic carcinogenesis. Using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, human and bacterial proteomic profiles of a total of 20 bile samples (7 from gallstone (GS) patients, and 13 from pancreatic head ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients) that were collected during surgery and taken directly from the gallbladder, were compared.

Notch Signaling Pathway Expression in the Skin of Leprosy Patients: Association With Skin and Neural Damage.

Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by , a debilitating disease that affects the skin and peripheral nerves. It is possible that tissue changes during infection with leprosy are related to alterations in the activity of the Notch signaling pathway, an innate signaling pathway in the physiology of the skin and peripheral nerves. This is a descriptive observational study.

Social and environmental conditions related to Mycobacterium leprae infection in children and adolescents from three leprosy endemic regions of Colombia.

Background: Leprosy is is still considered a public health issue and in Colombia 7-10% of new cases are found in children, indicating both active transmission and social inequality. We hypothesized that circulating antibodies against Natural Octyl Disaccharide-Leprosy IDRI Diagnostic (NDO-LID) (a combination of Mycobacterium leprae antigens) could reveal the social and environmental aspects associated with higher frequencies of M. leprae infection among children and adolescents in Colombia.

A case series of pure neural leprosy in patients diagnosed in a specialized center for the control of Hansen's disease in Colombia.

Pure neural leprosy, defined as a peripheral neuropathy in which the patient has no skin lesions, is difficult to diagnose. Its verification by bacteriological index and histopathology is not possible in the majority of the patients.We describe four cases of pure neural leprosy diagnosed by clinical criteria.

Mycobacterium leprae-induced nerve damage: direct and indirect mechanisms.

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. This disease is characterized by skin and peripheral nerve trunk damage. The mechanisms responsible for the observed nerve damage in leprosy could be directly related to the ability of M.

Genetic variants, structural, and functional changes of Myelin Protein Zero and Mannose-Binding Lectin 2 protein involved in immune response and its allelic transmission in families of patients with leprosy in Colombia.

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Genetic factors associated with immune response contribute to infection development and disease. M.

A hypothetical role for Notch signaling pathway in immunopathogenesis of leprosy.

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae mainly affecting skin and peripheral nerves. Leprosy has a broad range of clinical manifestations that range from mild (tuberculoid leprosy) to severe (lepromatous leprosy) forms, and are highly dependent on the host's immune response. Among the immune response elements involved in the pathogenesis of leprosy are the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), vitamin D receptor (VDR), natural killer cells (NK), and T cells.

Comparison of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Either Natural Octyl Disaccharide-Leprosy IDRI Diagnostic or Phenolic Glycolipid-I Antigens for the Detection of Leprosy Patients in Colombia.

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease with a broad spectrum of manifestations. Delays in attaining correct diagnosis permit progressive peripheral nerve damage that can produce irreversible disabilities. Tests detecting antigen-specific antibodies can aid the diagnostic process and potentially detect patients earlier.

Anti-natural octyl disaccharide-leprosy IDRI diagnostic (NDO-LID) antibodies as indicators of leprosy reactions and neuritis.

Background: Leprosy is a complex infectious and neurological disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Nerve damage is related to immunological hypersensitivity responses known as leprosy reactions (LRs). Diagnostic tools to predict LRs are not available.

Gallbladder microbiota variability in Colombian gallstones patients.

Introduction: Gallbladder stones are a very frequently occurring condition. Despite bile bactericidal activity, many bacteria have been detected inside the gallbladder, and gallstones facilitate their presence. Between 3% and 5% of the patients with Salmonella spp.

Detection of Salmonella human carriers in Colombian outbreak areas.

Introduction: Salmonellosis, a zoonotic and foodborne disease, is a public health problem in developing countries. With the aim of identifying human carriers of Salmonella, a survey was performed in five regions of Colombia with reported salmonellosis outbreaks.

Methodology: The general population and cholecystectomy surgical patients were included in this study.