Prevalence and molecular characterization of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chicken and their respective farms environment in Malaysia.

Background: Extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) is an increasing public health threat. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characterization of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from broiler chicken and their farm environment, in Kelantan Malaysia.

Confronting the complexities of antimicrobial management for Staphyloccous aureus causing bovine mastitis: an innovative paradigm.

Globally, Mastitis is a disease commonly affecting dairy cattle which leads to the use of antimicrobials. The majority of mastitis etiological agents are bacterial pathogens and Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant causative agent. Antimicrobial treatment is administered mainly via intramammary and intramuscular routes.

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of colistin-resistant Escherichia Coli with mcr-4, mcr-5, mcr-6, and mcr-9 genes from broiler chicken and farm environment.

Background: Colistin is an antibiotic used as a last-resort to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Colistin had been used for a long time in veterinary medicine for disease control and as a growth promoter in food-producing animals. This excessive use of colistin in food animals causes an increase in colistin resistance.

Antimicrobial activities of graphene oxide against biofilm and intracellular Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis.

Background: S. aureus is one of the causative agents of bovine mastitis. The treatment using conventional antimicrobials has been hampered due to the development of antimicrobial resistance and the ability of the bacteria to form biofilms and localize inside the host cells.

Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Characterization of Isolated from Subclinical Bovine Mastitis in East Coast Malaysia.

S. aureus is the pathogen that is commonly associated with subclinical mastitis, causing significant economic losses to dairy farms. This infection responds poorly to antimicrobial treatment, which could be due to the development of AMR, biofilm formation, and the intracellular invasion of S.

Antibacterial Activity of Ikarugamycin against Intracellular in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells In Vitro Infection Model.

is an ubiquitous and versatile pathogen associated with a wide range of diseases. In animals, this bacterium is one of the causative agents of bovine mastitis, responsible for huge economic losses in the dairy industry. Besides the development of antibiotic resistance, the intracellular survival of within udder cells has rendered many antibiotics ineffective, leading to therapeutic failure.

Phylogenetically Diverse Strains from Chicken Coharbor Multiple Carbapenemase-Encoding Genes ( -I).

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has been a public health risk in several countries, and recent reports indicate the emergence of CRE in food animals. This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence, resistance patterns, and phylogenetic diversity of carbapenem-resistant (CREC) from chicken. Routine bacteriology, PCR detection of species, multiplex PCR to detect carbapenemase-encoding genes, and phylogeny of CRE were conducted.

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) spp. and Isolated from Broilers in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia.

(spp.) and () are the most common infectious pathogens in poultry. Antimicrobials are given either as growth promoters or as treatment, thereby increasing the possibility of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

Antimicrobial Polymers: The Potential Replacement of Existing Antibiotics?

Antimicrobial resistance is now considered a major global challenge; compromising medical advancements and our ability to treat infectious disease. Increased antimicrobial resistance has resulted in increased morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases worldwide. The lack of discovery of novel compounds from natural products or new classes of antimicrobials, encouraged us to recycle discontinued antimicrobials that were previously removed from routine use due to their toxicity, e.

Polyhexamethylene Biguanide and Nadifloxacin Self-Assembled Nanoparticles: Antimicrobial Effects against Intracellular Methicillin-Resistant .

The treatment of skin and soft tissue infections caused by methicillin-resistant (MRSA) remains a challenge, partly due to localization of the bacteria inside the host's cells, where antimicrobial penetration and efficacy is limited. We formulated the cationic polymer polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) with the topical antibiotic nadifloxacin and tested the activities against intracellular MRSA in infected keratinocytes. The PHMB/nadifloxacin nanoparticles displayed a size of 291.

Targeting the Bacterial Protective Armour; Challenges and Novel Strategies in the Treatment of Microbial Biofilm.

Infectious disease caused by pathogenic bacteria continues to be the primary challenge to humanity. Antimicrobial resistance and microbial biofilm formation in part, lead to treatment failures. The formation of biofilms by nosocomial pathogens such as (), (), and () on medical devices and on the surfaces of infected sites bring additional hurdles to existing therapies.

Bactericidal and Anti-biofilm Effects of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide in Models of Intracellular and Biofilm of Isolated from Bovine Mastitis.

infection is a common cause of mastitis, reducing milk yield, affecting animal welfare and causing huge economic losses within the dairy industry. In addition to the problem of acquired drug resistance, bacterial invasion into udder cells and the formation of surface biofilms are believed to reduce antibiotic efficacy, leading to treatment failure. Here, we investigated the antimicrobial activities of enrofloxacin, an antibiotic that is commonly used in mastitis therapy and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), an antimicrobial polymer.

Targeting the hard to reach: challenges and novel strategies in the treatment of intracellular bacterial infections.

Unlabelled: Infectious diseases continue to threaten human and animal health and welfare globally, impacting millions of lives and causing substantial economic loss. The use of antibacterials has been only partially successful in reducing disease impact. Bacterial cells are inherently resilient, and the therapy challenge is increased by the development of antibacterial resistance, the formation of biofilms and the ability of certain clinically important pathogens to invade and localize within host cells.

The antimicrobial polymer PHMB enters cells and selectively condenses bacterial chromosomes.

To combat infection and antimicrobial resistance, it is helpful to elucidate drug mechanism(s) of action. Here we examined how the widely used antimicrobial polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) kills bacteria selectively over host cells. Contrary to the accepted model of microbial membrane disruption by PHMB, we observed cell entry into a range of bacterial species, and treated bacteria displayed cell division arrest and chromosome condensation, suggesting DNA binding as an alternative antimicrobial mechanism.

Bactericidal effects of polyhexamethylene biguanide against intracellular Staphylococcus aureus EMRSA-15 and USA 300.

Objectives: The treatment of skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus is limited by acquired antibiotic resistance and poor drug delivery into pathogen and host cells. Here, we investigated the antibacterial activities of six topically used antimicrobials and a cationic polymer, polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), against intracellular MSSA strain RN4420 and MRSA strains EMRSA-15 and USA 300.

Methods: The MICs of antimicrobials were determined for MSSA and MRSA strains, and the bactericidal activities of nadifloxacin and PHMB against intracellular MRSA were determined using infected keratinocytes.

Pathogen- and Host-Directed Antileishmanial Effects Mediated by Polyhexanide (PHMB).

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. CL causes enormous suffering in many countries worldwide. There is no licensed vaccine against CL, and the chemotherapy options show limited efficacy and high toxicity.