Incidence and risk factors of loss to follow-up among HIV-infected children in an antiretroviral treatment program.

Introduction: The success of antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs can be compromised by high rates of patient loss to follow-up (LTFU). We assessed the incidence and risk factors of LTFU in a large cohort of HIV-infected children receiving ART in Thailand.

Methods: All children participating in a multicenter cohort (NCT00433030) between 1999 and 2014 were included.

Impact of antiretroviral treatment on height evolution of HIV infected children.

Background: Antiretroviral treatment (ART) has been shown to have a beneficial effect on the weight evolution but its effect on height remains unclear. We described patterns of height evolution and identified predictors of catch-up growth in HIV-infected children on ART.

Methods: To describe the height evolution from birth to adulthood, we developed a nonlinear mixed effect model using data from perinatally HIV-infected children who initiated ART from 1999 to 2013 in a prospective cohort study in Thailand.

"Enhanced acquisition of antibiotic-resistant intestinal during the first year of life assessed in a prospective cohort study".

Background: Increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a serious problem worldwide. We sought to record the acquisition of antibiotic-resistant () in healthy infants in Northern Thailand and investigated potential determinants.

Methods: Stool samples from 142 infants after birth, at ages 2wk, 2mo, 4 to 6mo, and 1y, and parent stool samples were screened for resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, and cefazoline by culture, and isolates were further investigated for multiresistance by disc diffusion method.

Risk of first-line antiretroviral therapy failure in HIV-infected Thai children and adolescents.

Background: Adolescence may affect adherence and response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Limited data are available regarding the long-term treatment outcomes of perinatal HIV-infected adolescents.

Methods: Data from perinatally acquired HIV-infected Thai children who started first-line nonnucleoside analog-based HAART before 18 years of age and treated for ≥24 weeks were analyzed.

Long-term outcomes of HIV-infected children in Thailand: the Thailand Pediatric HIV Observational Database.

Objective: To describe the outcomes of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a large cohort of HIV-infected children in Thailand.

Methods: The data were obtained from four collaborative referral sites around the country. Data from 2008 to March 2011 were collected prospectively, and data before 2008 were collected retrospectively.

Sustained immunologic and virologic efficacy after four years of highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus infected children in Thailand.

We report the long-term efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 107 antiretroviral-naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected Thai children. In an intention-to-treat analysis, 70% of the children had undetectable HIV RNA titers after 192 weeks of HAART. The mean CD4 cell percentage increased from 5.

Hospitalization and mortality among HIV-infected children after receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Background: Pediatric antiretroviral therapy programs have recently been implemented in resource-limited settings. Their impact in a prospective cohort is not well documented. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rates and causes of hospitalization and mortality among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected Thai children after receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Immune reconstitution syndrome from nontuberculous mycobacterial infection after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in children with HIV infection.

The immune reconstitution syndrome caused by nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection is reported in 9 of 153 HIV-infected children 2 to 26 weeks after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. The clinical syndrome included fever and dyspnea (2 children), fever and abdominal pain (3), subcutaneous nodules or suppurative lymphadenitis (4). The causative species were Mycobacterium avium (4), Mycobacterium scrofulaceum (3), Mycobacterium kansasii (1) and Mycobacterium simiae (1).

Immune reconstitution syndrome after highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected thai children.

Background: There is little information about the immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS) in children, especially from resource-poor countries.

Objective: To determine the incidence and spectrum of IRS in advanced stage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Methods: Between May 2002 and April 2004, 153 symptomatic HIV-infected children who had CD4 lymphocyte percentage < or =15% initiated HAART in a national antiretroviral drug access program.

Efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children participating in Thailand's National Access to Antiretroviral Program.

Background: Programs for access to antiretroviral treatment were only recently implemented in developing countries. This study aimed to describe the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children in Thailand's National Access to Antiretroviral Program for People Living with HIV/AIDS.

Methods: From August 2002 to July 2003, a total of 107 children were enrolled in the study.