Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Urban Thai Individuals Reveals Enterotype-Specific Signature.

Gut microbiota play vital roles in human health, utilizing indigestible nutrients, producing essential substances, regulating the immune system, and inhibiting pathogen growth. Gut microbial profiles are dependent on populations, geographical locations, and long-term dietary patterns resulting in individual uniqueness. Gut microbiota can be classified into enterotypes based on their patterns.

Co-encapsulation of to improve survival and its effect on quality of sweet fermented rice (Khoa-Mak) sap beverage.

Unlabelled: Egg and fruiting body of bamboo mushroom at the concentrations of 0, 0.8, 1 and 3% (w/v) were added during encapsulation of TISTR 2365 in alginate beads. The influence of addition of co-encapsulated, encapsulated and free probiotic cells on the microbiological, physico-chemical, antioxidant and sensory properties of Khoa-Mak sap beverages during storage at 4 °C for 35 days were investigated.

Reduction of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content of charcoal smoke during grilling by charcoal preparation using high carbonisation and a preheating step.

Charcoal-grilling may lead to contamination of food with carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the grilling process. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of charcoal preparation on 16 USEPA priority PAHs in the smoke produced during the grilling process. Firstly, mangrove charcoal was prepared at carbonisation temperatures of 500, 750 and 1000 °C.

Statistical optimization for Monacolin K and yellow pigment production and citrinin reduction by Monascus purpureus in solid-state fermentation.

Monacolin K and yellow pigment, produced by Monascus sp., have each been proven to be beneficial compounds as antihypercholesterolemic and anti-inflammation agents, respectively. However, citrinin, a human toxic substance, was also synthesized in this fungus.

Gamma-linolenic acid production of Mucor rouxii by solid-state fermentation using agricultural by-products.

Aims: This study aims to maximize the yield of gamma-linolenic acid by a filamentous fungus, Mucor rouxii, using low cost production by solid-state fermentation.

Methods And Results: We optimized substrate types and culture conditions including inoculum size and temperature. The optimal growth of M.

Use of confocal scanning laser microscopy to measure the concentrations of aerial and penetrative hyphae during growth of Rhizopus oligosporus on a solid surface.

In order to develop a method for use in investigations of spatial biomass distribution in solid-state fermentation systems, confocal scanning laser microscopy was used to determine the concentrations of aerial and penetrative biomass against height and depth above and below the substrate surface, during growth of Rhizopus oligosporus on potato dextrose agar. Penetrative hyphae had penetrated to a depth of 0.445 cm by 64 h and showed rhizoid morphology, in which the maximum biomass concentration, of 4.

Use of confocal microscopy to follow the development of penetrative hyphae during growth of Rhizopus oligosporus in an artificial solid-state fermentation system.

Two methods were compared for determining the concentration of penetrative biomass during growth of Rhizopus oligosporus on an artificial solid substrate consisting of an inert gel and starch as the sole source of carbon and energy. The first method was based on the use of a hand microtome to make sections of approximately 0.2- to 0.