Endophthalmitis with Subretinal Abscess: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.

This study assessed prognostic factors and the role of vitrectomy in patients with subretinal abscesses secondary to endophthalmitis. We reviewed published studies, including three cases from our cohort. Among 50 eyes, 26 had poor visual outcomes (final visual acuity <20/800, eyeball removal, or phthisis bulbi).

Effect of fenestrated sterile drape and face mask on bacterial dispersion toward the periocular area during intravitreal injection.

This experimental crossover study was performed to investigate whether fenestrated surgical drapes (covering the nose and mouth but with an opening over the periorbital area) with or without patients' surgical face masks increase periorbital bacterial dispersion during simulated intravitreal injection conditions. Each of the 16 healthy volunteers performed 14 scenarios involving different mask and drape conditions in both silent and speaking situations. In each scenario, the subject lay down flat on the back with a blood agar plate being held at the inferior orbital rim perpendicular to the face to capture airflow from breathing/speaking.

Myopic macular schisis: Insights into distinct morphological subtypes and novel biomechanical hypothesis.

Purpose: To analyze the features of myopic macular schisis (MMS) in different retinal layers and to explore the role of Müller cells in the pathophysiology of such condition.

Methods: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images of myopic eyes with staphyloma and macular schisis were reviewed. The morphological features of MMS were analyzed and correlated with their geographical location in the parafoveal and perifoveal region.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Biomarkers in Thai Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy: A Diabetic Eye and Kidney Diseases (DEK-D) Study.

Purpose: To identify optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) biomarkers to predict the diabetic nephropathy (DN) and their associations with 24-hour urine albumin levels in diabetic patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study examined 186 eyes from 93 individuals subdivided into three groups according to 24-hour urine albumin levels: no DN, early DN, and late DN. Vessel density (VD), fractal dimension, foveal avascular zone area, intercapillary area, central retinal thickness, and subfoveal choroidal thickness were measured from OCTA images to determine their association with the DN stages.

Optical Coherence Tomography Features for Identifying Posttreatment Complete Polypoidal Regression in Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy.

Purpose: To determine accuracy and relative risk (RR) of posttreatment optical coherence tomography (OCT) features in identifying complete or incomplete polypoidal regression in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).

Design: Validity analysis.

Methods: Treatment-naive PCV eyes undergoing OCT and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) at baseline and posttreatment were included.

Subretinal gnathostomiasis: A successful focal laser photocoagulation for a living parasite.

Purpose: To report a case of subretinal gnathostomiasis presenting with progressive subretinal tracts of a living parasite and successfully treated with focal laser photocoagulation.

Method: Observational case report.

Patient: A 29-year-old Thai male complained of blurred vision and floaters in his left eye for two weeks.

In-Person Verification of Deep Learning Algorithm for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Using Different Techniques Across Fundus Image Devices.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical performance of an automated diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening model to detect referable cases at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.

Methods: A retrospective review of two sets of fundus photographs (Eidon and Nidek) was undertaken. The images were classified by DR staging prior to the development of a DR screening model.

Non-Neovascular Pachychoroid Disease Mimicking Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: To describe a case of pachychoroid disease most compatible with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) presented with a large relapsing retinal pigment epithelial detachment (PED) associated with only a small amount of subretinal fluid (SRF) in the background of macular drusen in an elderly patient mimicking neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: This was a review of 32 months of the clinical course and findings on multimodal imaging including fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Results: A large relapsing PED sometimes with small amount of SRF at its apex was found in the background of macular drusen in the right eye of a 63-year-old Thai woman.

Recent advances in wide field and ultrawide field optical coherence tomography angiography in retinochoroidal pathologies.

: With the advent of wide field (WF) and ultra-wide field (UWF) imaging in color fundus photography and fluorescein angiography (FA), the importance of an expanded field-of-view (FOV) has been illustrated for early detection of several chorioretinal disorders. The need to bring similar utility to optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is imperative.: For this review, we explored all research items with WF or UWF on Pubmed Central and Google Scholar.

Long-term visual and anatomic outcomes of patients with peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome.

Background/aims: To analyse the long-term anatomic and visual outcomes of patients with peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome (PPS), a recently described entity in the pachychoroid disease spectrum.

Methods: This study retrospectively included patients from several retina centres worldwide. Visual acuity (VA), retinal thickness and choroidal thickness at baseline, 6 months and final follow-up were assessed.

Extralesional microvascular and structural macular abnormalities in cytomegalovirus retinitis.

To evaluate extralesional microvascular and structural changes of the macula using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and structural OCT in cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR). An observational study of CMVR patients were performed. Complete ophthalmic examination, serial color fundus photography, structural OCT and OCTA were performed at baseline and follow-up visits for up to 12 months.

Unusual non-nanophthalmic uveal effusion syndrome with histologically normal scleral architecture: a case report.

Background: To report an unusual case of non-nanophthalmic uveal effusion syndrome (UES) with histologically normal sclera but responsive to scleral resection.

Case Presentation: A73-year-old man presented with a bullous retinal detachment without ciliochoroidal detachment on funduscopic examination of the right eye. The axial length of both eyes was normal.

Relationship Between Nerve Fiber Layer Hemorrhages and Outcomes in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion.

Purpose: To evaluate the depth and pattern of retinal hemorrhage in acute central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and to correlate these with visual and anatomic outcomes.

Methods: Retinal hemorrhages were evaluated with color fundus photography and fluorescein angiography at baseline and follow-up. Snellen visual acuity (VA), central foveal thickness (CFT), extent of retinal ischemia, and development of neovascularization were analyzed.

PERIVASCULAR GRANULOMATA IN THE RETINA DEMONSTRATED BY EN FACE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IN A PATIENT WITH BLAU SYNDROME.

Purpose: To describe the multimodal retinal imaging findings of a case of Blau syndrome.

Methods: Case report. The multimodal retinal imaging findings, including widefield angiography, cross-sectional and en face spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography, of a case of Blau syndrome are described.

PERIPAPILLARY PACHYCHOROID SYNDROME.

Purpose: To describe the features of peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome (PPS), a novel pachychoroid disease spectrum (PDS) entity.

Methods: Medical records of 31 eyes (16 patients) with choroidal thickening associated with intraretinal and/or subretinal fluid in the nasal macula extending from the disk were reviewed (patients with PPS). Choroidal thickness was compared with 2 age-matched cohorts: typical PDS (17 eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy or pachychoroid neovasculopathy) and 19 normal eyes.

The Expanded Spectrum of Perifoveal Exudative Vascular Anomalous Complex.

Purpose: To expand our understanding of the uncommon entity, referred to as perifoveal exudative vascular anomalous complex (PEVAC) by describing multimodal imaging findings, including optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with PEVAC were identified at 4 retina referral centers worldwide and underwent complete ophthalmologic examination including structural OCT, OCT-A, fluorescein angiography (FA), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).

Quantitative Analysis of Three Distinct Retinal Capillary Plexuses in Healthy Eyes Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Purpose: To identify and quantify the three distinct retinal capillary plexuses and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in healthy subjects according to age using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) with novel projection artifact removal (PAR) software and improved segmentation.

Methods: All eyes in this cross-sectional study underwent OCTA imaging using RTVue XR Avanti with novel PAR AngioVue software. OCTA scans were analyzed and the three main parafoveal retinal capillary plexuses were segmented and vessel density and FAZ area were calculated.

Foveal and Peripapillary Vascular Decrement in Migraine With Aura Demonstrated by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Purpose: Migraine, particularly with aura, has been associated with ocular and systemic ischemic complications, but there are limited data on the ocular vasculature in migraine. We used optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to assess perfusion of the macula and optic nerve in migraine patients, with (MA) and without (MO) aura, compared to healthy controls (HC).

Methods: We recruited 15 MA (mean age 42 years), 12 MO (mean age 46 years), and 22 HC (mean age 39 years) participants from neurology and neuro-ophthalmology clinics.

PROGRESSION OF MACULAR ATROPHY IN EYES WITH TYPE 1 NEOVASCULARIZATION AND AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION RECEIVING LONG-TERM INTRAVITREAL ANTI-VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR THERAPY: An Optical Coherence Tomographic Angiography Analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the size and location of macular atrophy in eyes with Type-1 neovascularization (NV) and age-related macular degeneration receiving chronic intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.

Methods: A retrospective review of a case series of 27 eyes with Type-1 NV and retinal pigment epithelial detachment (PED) having a minimum of 12 months follow-up was performed. Demographic information and visual acuity at baseline and the final follow-up were collected.

BIOMARKERS OF NEOVASCULAR ACTIVITY IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY.

Purpose: To study the qualitative and quantitative features of choroidal neovascular (NV) membranes in age-related macular degeneration using optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with active and quiescent NV lesions before and after treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor.

Methods: Macular optical coherence tomography angiography images were obtained using RTVue XR Avanti with AngioVue. Morphologic features and quantitative measurements of the NV lesion were analyzed using en face projection images.

Quantitative OCT Angiography of the Retinal Microvasculature and the Choriocapillaris in Myopic Eyes.

Purpose: To study the retinal capillary microvasculature and the choriocapillaris (CC) in myopic eyes using quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) analysis.

Methods: Macular OCTA images of 3 × 3 mm were obtained using the RTVue-XR Avanti with AngioVue. Quantitative measurements of the retinal capillary microvascular layers and the CC were analyzed using en face projection images.

En Face Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis to Assess the Spectrum of Perivenular Ischemia and Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy in Retinal Vein Occlusion.

Purpose: To assess the spectrum of perivenular ischemia in eyes with retinal vascular obstruction (typically central or hemicentral retinal vein obstruction) using en face optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Design: Retrospective observational case series.

Methods: Eyes with recent retinal vascular occlusion illustrating paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) in a perivenular fern-like pattern with en face OCT were evaluated in this study.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Reveals Choriocapillaris Flow Reduction in Placoid Chorioretinitis.

Purpose: To elucidate the origin of disease in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) and related placoid disorders, and to determine the principle tissue level of involvement: retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) versus choriocapillaris (CC). To determine the prevalence, extent, and persistence of choroidal flow reduction in placoid chorioretinitis using en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA).

Design: Multicenter, prospective case series.

AN UPDATED STAGING SYSTEM OF TYPE 3 NEOVASCULARIZATION USING SPECTRAL DOMAIN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY.

Purpose: To comprehensively investigate spectral domain optical coherence tomography features associated with Type 3 neovascularization and determine the prevalence of each feature and to develop an updated staging system for Type 3 neovascularization based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings.

Methods: The authors retrospectively analyzed 34 eyes with new-onset Type 3 neovascularization. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography images at onset of Type 3 neovascularization, immediately after the first injection, and at the final quiescent visit were analyzed for the presence of specific optical coherence tomography features.

CHOROIDAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH SEROUS MACULAR DETACHMENT IN EYES WITH STAPHYLOMA, DOME-SHAPED MACULA OR TILTED DISK SYNDROME.

Purpose: To study the relationship of choroidal abnormalities with serous retinal detachment (SRD) in eyes with staphyloma, dome-shaped macula, or tilted disk syndrome.

Methods: Group 1, 28 eyes of 20 patients with staphyloma/dome-shaped macula/tilted disk syndrome associated with SRD was compared with Group 2, 30 eyes of 20 patients, with staphyloma/dome-shaped macula/tilted disk syndrome but without SRD. Radial and en-face optical coherence tomography and choroidal analysis were performed.